美国铁路冷藏运输业发展历程及中美对比的启示

The Development Course of American Railway Refrigerated Transportation Industry and the Enlightenment from the Comparison Between China and America

基础技术、市场组织和政策体制是铁路冷藏运输行业发展的重要影响因素。美国铁路冷藏运输业160多年的演进历程呈现出服务技术层、网络布局及设施层的作用逐步减弱,政策及体制层、运输组织及企业层所起作用逐步增强的特征。基于运输业网络形态的分层分析理论,构建铁路冷藏业分阶段递进分析框架,对比研究了中美铁路冷藏运输行业以及典型企业的阶段规模、组织特征和经济效率。中国铁路冷藏运输业要面向终端市场的差异化需求,大幅提升技术水平、建立高效的运输组织形式、大力培育和发展"无车承运人"组织,提升铁路运输支撑国民经济发展的能力。

The basic technology,market organization and policy system are important factors affecting the development of railway refrigerated transportation industry.The evolution of American railway refrigerated transportation industry in the past 160 years shows that the role of service technology layer,network layout and facility layer is gradually weakening,while the role of policy and system layer,transportation organization and enterprise layer is gradually strengthening.Based on the hierarchical analysis theory of transport network form,a progressive analysis framework of railway refrigeration is constructed,and the stage scale,organizational characteristics and economic efficiency of China and American railway refrigeration transportation industry and typical enterprises are compared and studied.China railway refrigeration transportation industry should face the differentiated demand of terminal market,greatly improve the technical level,establish an efficient transportation organization form,vigorously cultivate and develop the"car-free carrier"organizations,and enhance the ability of railway transportation to support the development of national economy.