灌水对河西走廊绿洲灌区不同小麦品种生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation on Growth and Development and Yield of Different Wheat Varieties in Oasis Irrigation District of Hexi Corridor

河西走廊地区水资源短缺、不合理灌溉造成水资源的严重浪费,加之实际生产中小麦品种混杂、抗旱性不同,不利于发挥农田灌溉的最大效果。因此,为探究灌水对河西走廊不同小麦品种生长和产量的影响,筛选出适于该地区的小麦品种及相应的灌水量。于2018-2019年在甘肃农业科学院武威市黄羊镇试验站进行了不同品种小麦灌水试验,设置不灌水W0、灌一水W1(拔节期)、灌两水W2(拔节期和灌浆期)3个处理,选取该地区表现较好的5个不同抗旱性小麦品种(甘春24号、武春8号、陇春41号、陇春33号、宁春33号)为试验材料,测定旗叶叶绿素(SPAD)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、干物质积累动态、收获期产量及产量构成因素等具体表现。结果表明,灌水可以提高小麦旗叶SPAD值、CAT活性,降低MDA含量,调节小麦干物质积累与分配。灌水还可以增加小麦千粒重和单位面积粒数,进而提高籽粒产量和收获指数,但拔节期灌水(W1)和拔节灌浆期灌水(W2)处理之间产量差异不显著。陇春41号(LC41)在不同灌水条件下各指标均显著高于其他供试品种。因此得出,选用陇春41号(LC41)配合W1的灌水量,为适于该区的小麦种植模式,可获得较高的产量效益。

In the Hexi Corridor area,water resources are shortage.Unreasonable irrigation caused serious waste of water resources.In addition,mixed wheat varieties and different drought resistance in actual production are not conducive to the maximum effect of farmland irrigation.Therefore,in order to investigate the effects of irrigation on the growth and yield of different wheat varieties,as well as screening of suitable wheat varieties and corresponding irrigation amount in the Hexi Corridor,the irrigation amount for wheat from different varieties was tested in 2018-2019,including three irrigation amount treatments(no irrigation,one times irrigation W1(joining stage),two times irrigation W2(joining stage and grouting stage))and five different varieties(GC24,WC8,LC41,LC33,NC 33)that perform better in the region,in the Huangyang Town Experimental Station of Wuwei City,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The flag leaf chlorophyll(SPAD)content,catalase(CAT)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,dry matter accumulation dynamics,yield and yield components were determined.The results showed that irrigation could increase the SPAD value,CAT activity and lower MDA content of wheat flag leaves,regulate dry matter accumulation and distribution.Irrigation could also increase the 1000-seed weight and kernel number per square meter,thereby increase the grain yield and harvest index,but the yield difference between joint irrigation(W1)and joint+grouting(W2)treatments was not significant.Under different irrigation conditions,each index of Longchun 41(LC41)was significantly higher than other tested varieties.Therefore,it was concluded that the use of LC41 with the irrigation amount of W1 was suitable for the wheat planting mode in this area,and higher yield benefits could be obtained.