餐厨垃圾生物有机肥对贫瘠黄褐土改良的研究

Improvement of Barren Yellow Cinnamon Soil by Kitchen Waste Bio-Organic Fertilizer

为了阐明餐厨垃圾生物有机肥改良贫瘠土壤的作用机制,以贫瘠黄褐土为研究对象,通过不施肥、长期(>5 a)施用化肥、中长期(5 a)施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥和短期(1 a)施用大量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥4种施肥方式,分别记为CK组、CF组、LOF-5组和MOF-1组,对比分析不同施肥方式对土壤OM (有机质)、活性有机碳、营养元素和团聚体等的影响.结果表明:①施用餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可显著提高土壤OM、活性有机碳含量,其中,MOF-1组提高效果最显著,与CK组相比,w(OM)可提高173.29%,w(ROC)(ROC为易氧化有机碳)增加了39.17%,w(POC)(POC为颗粒有机碳)和w(DOC)(DOC为可溶性有机碳)分别是CK组的13.85和10.32倍.②中长期(5 a)施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可增加土壤中较大粒径团聚体的占比,且更有利于提高土壤团粒结构的稳定性,LOF-5组>2 mm粒级的团聚体占比是CK组的4.68倍;与CK组相比,LOF-5组MWD (平均重量直径)增加了100.00%,GMD (几何平均直径)增加了82.98%,>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体质量占比(DR0.25)增加了27.20%.③中长期(5 a)施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可增加土壤中w(TN)(TN为全氮)和w(AN)(AN为速效氮),与CK组相比,LOF-5组w(TN)和w(AN)分别增加了77.42%和20.82%.施用餐厨垃圾有机肥也可同时增加土壤中w(AP)(AP为速效磷)和w(AK)(AK为速效钾),MOF-1组增加效果较佳,w(AP)和w(AK)分别是CK组的9.43和3.39倍.研究显示,中长期(5 a)施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可提升土壤固碳能力,提高土壤养分利用的有效性,从而提升耕地土壤质量,减少化肥施用量,是我国贫瘠黄褐土改良的有效施肥模式.

In this study,the barren yellow cinnamon soil was used as the research object and four experimental groups were designed,including no fertilizer,long term application of chemical fertilizer (> 5 a),medium-long term application of a small amount of kitchen waste biological organic fertilizer (5 a),and short-term application of a large amount of kitchen waste biological organic fertilizer (1 a),respectively,to clarify the mechanism of the improvement of barren yellow cinnamon soil by kitchen waste bio-organic fertilizer. The effects of different fertilization methods on the content of soil organic matter (OM),active organic carbon,nutrient elements and aggregates were compared. The results showed that: (1) The application of kitchen waste bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increase the soil organic matter and active organic carbon content,and MOF-1 group could achieve the best result. Compared with the CK group,w (OM),w (ROC) (ROC represents readily oxidized organic carbon),w (POC) (POC represents particulate organic carbon) increased by173. 29%,39. 17%,12. 85 times and 9. 32 times,respectively. (2) Medium-long term application of a small amount of kitchen waste biological organic fertilizer (5 a) increased the proportion of larger particle aggregates in the soil and be more conducive to improving the stability of soil aggregates. The proportion of > 2 mm aggregates in the LOF-5 group was 4. 68 times that of the CK group. Furthermore,compared with the CK group,MWD (MWD represents mean weight diameter),GMD (GMD represents geometric mean diameter),and DR0. 25 (DR0. 25 represents the proportion of mass of > 0. 25 mm water-stable aggregates) increased by 100%,82. 98%,27. 20%,respectively. (3) Medium-long term application of a small amount of kitchen waste biological organic fertilizer (5 a) could significantly increase w (TN) (TN represents total nitrogen) and w (AN) (AN represents available nitrogen) in the soil. Compared with the CK group,while w (TN) and w (AN) in LOF-5 group increased by 77. 42% and 20. 82%. Applying kitchen waste organic fertilizer could increase w (AP) (AP represents available phosphorus) and w (AK) (AK represents available potassium),in which short-term application of a large amount of kitchen waste biological organic fertilizer (1 a) was better. The w (AP) and w (AK) in MOF-1 group were 9. 43 times and 3. 39 times of the CK group,respectively. This study showed that medium-long term application of a small amount of kitchen waste biological organic fertilizer (5 a) could improve soil carbon sequestration capacity,the effectiveness of soil nutrient utilization,the quality of cultivated soil,and thus reduce chemical fertilizer application. It is an effective fertilization method to improve barren yellow cinnamon soil in China.