全球社会的想象:从世界社会到世界主义

The Imagination of Global Society:From World Society to Cosmopolitanism

全球化和欧洲一体化的发展致使民族国家的地位遇到危机,世界社会范畴内的社会力量日益发展壮大。这一背景促使贝克提出了具有二重性的世界主义理论。在方法论层面,世界主义反对方法论的民族主义倾向,提倡以方法论的世界主义作为社会科学的分析和方法论工具。在社会理论层面,世界主义将差异和他性的价值判断,同建立一种新的民主的政治统治形式相结合。世界主义将世界社会看作一个整体,通过试验和发展各个国家的合作主权,调和与维护各民族之间的多样性,试图建构一种具有跨国国家性质的合作式政府。但并非每个行动者都愿意接受世界主义的立场,世界上每个角落的毁灭、灾难的情况都可能成为反面行动的阵营。这不仅会危及世界主义所构想的差异共存世界,而且可能威胁全球社会的政治秩序。

The development of globalization and European integration has resulted in the crisis of the status of nation-states and the growing social forces in the world’s social sphere.Such a background prompted Baker to put forward a dualistic cosmopolitan theory.At the methodological level,cosmopolitanism opposes nationalist tendencies of methodology and advocates the use of methodological cosmopolitanism as an analytical and methodological tool for social sciences.At the level of social theory,cosmopolitanism combines the value judgment of difference and otherness with the establishment of a new form of democratic political domination.Cosmopolitanism regards the world society as a whole.It tries to form a cooperative government with the nature of transnational countries by experimenting and developing the cooperative sovereignty of each country,reconciling and maintaining the diversity among different nationalities.But not every actor is willing to accept the position of cosmopolitanism.The situation of destruction and disaster in every corner of the world may become the camp of negative action.This will not only endanger the differentiated coexistence world conceived by cosmopolitanism but also threaten the political order of the modern world.