蓝莓高接换种技术研究

Research on High Grafting Technique of Blueberries

为探索蓝莓高接换种技术,试验以6年生的夏普蓝莓作砧木,奥尼尔、灿烂、顶峰等3个蓝莓品种的枝条为接穗,研究嫁接季节、嫁接天气、接穗来源部位对高位嫁接的成活率和接穗抽梢生长量的影响。结果表明,春、秋2个季节嫁接的成活率无显著差异,接穗新抽梢生长量春、夏、秋3个季节之间存在极显著差异,秋季最差,夏季(6月)嫁接并加以保湿、遮阴,可有效提高嫁接成活率,利用早、中熟品种的修剪枝进行嫁接不影响蓝莓当年产果量,且新梢能明显加快嫁接植株的生长发育进程,第2年即可开花结果;不同天气嫁接的成活率存在极显著差异,晴天嫁接最好,接穗新抽梢生长量无显著差异;不同接穗来源部位嫁接的成活率和接穗新抽梢生长量,存在极显著差异,中部接穗最好。因此,选取枝条中部接穗在夏季(6月下旬)晴天嫁接为蓝莓最佳的高接换种方法。

In order to explore the high grafting technique of blueberries,the 6-year-old sharp blueberries were used as rootstock and the branches of three blueberry varieties,O'neill,Brilliant and Peak,were used as scions.The effects of different seasons,different grafting weather and different scion positions on the survival rate of high grafting and the growth rate of scion new shoots were studied and analyzed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in grafting survival rate between spring and autumn,and there was extremely significantly difference in the growth rate of scion new shoots between spring,summer and autumn,and autumn was the worst season.Grafting in summer(June)with moisture preservation and shade could effectively improve the grafting survival rate.Grafting with pruned branches of early and medium varieties did not affect the annual fruit yield of blueberries in the current year,and the new shoots could obviously accelerate the growth and development process of grafted plants and caould blossom and bear fruit in the second year.The survival rate of grafting in different weather was significantly different,the best grafting was in sunny days,and there was no significant difference in the growth of scion's new shoot.The survival rate of grafting at different scion positions and the growth rate of new scion shoots were significantly different,with the middle scion being the best.Therefore,the blueberry high grafting method of selecting scions in the middle of branches to graft on sunny days in summer(late June)might be the best way.