明末伽利略望远镜传入中国探赜

Study on the Introduction of Galileo Telescope into China at the End of Ming Dynasty

伽利略望远镜的发明及传播对17世纪的欧洲天文学以及中国的历法革新产生了深远影响.文章在对有关伽利略望远镜的文献史料进行考证的基础上,推定最早的伽利略望远镜于1622年随金尼阁返华的航行来到中国.在判定望远镜由谁携入中国的问题上,由于邓玉函和汤若望都缺少有力证据,且最早进入中国的望远镜在数量上不只一台,故文章认为早期进入中国的伽利略望远镜由邓玉函、汤若望等耶稣会士共同带来,并通过文献记载进一步推断早期入华的伽利略望远镜毁于明末李自成起义.

The invention and dissemination of the Galileo telescope had a profound influence on the 17 th century European astronomy and China's calendar innovation.On the basis of textual research on the historical literatures of the Galileo telescope,this article assumes that the Galileo telescope was first introduced to China by JIN N-ige on his return voyage to China in 1622.In determining who brought the telescope into China,Deng Yu-han and Tang Ruo-wang lacked strong evidence,and the number of telescopes that first entered China was more than one.Therefore,the article believes that the Galileo telescope that entered China in the early days was brought together by Deng Yu-han,Tang Ruo-wang and other Jesuits.Through the documentary records,it was further inferred that the Galileo telescope that had entered China in the early days was destroyed by Li Zi-cheng's uprising in the late Ming Dynasty.