论宅基地转让和小产权房买卖中的“外来户” --基于分家传统的视角

On the“foreign villager”buyers of homestead and houses with limited property rights:A perspective of household division tradition

制度化的分家实践产生了对备用宅基地的稳定需求,是农户拥有可支配的富余宅基地的根本原因。“一户一宅”规定在土地资源稀缺约束下有其必要性,但不符合农村生活实际,制度化的分家实践使得“一户一宅”规范具有难以操作性。农村集体经济组织外购买宅基地或小产权房的人被生活在集体经济组织内的村民称作“外来户”,该称呼隐含了“外来户”在集体经济组织内部“权利和义务”的缺位。在村民们看来,“外来户”未能在村民们组成的共同体内参与各种日常活动和重大事务,未履行相关活动所要求的诸多义务,因而不能被视为集体经济组织的真正成员,“外来户”在集体经济组织内履行义务的缺位直接导致了相应权利的缺失,这是“外来户”难以和村集体内的村民获得相同拆迁补偿、面临拆迁补偿时又倾向于认可再次补偿出卖方的原因。

Household division tradition and practice have created a steady demand for spare homestead,which is the root of the surplus homestead of Chinese peasants.“One household one homestead”rule is necessary in the constraint of limited land,but this rule is not in line with the actual situation of rural area,and household division tradition and practice make this rule hard to follow.Buyers of homestead and houses with limited property rights from the outside of the rural collective economic organizations are called“foreign villagers”,which implies that their rights and obligations are absent in the collective economic organizations.In the perspective of the members of the collective economic organizations,“foreign villagers”don’t participate in various daily activities and major affairs in the community of the certain villagers and fail to comply with relevant obligations,which makes them not a real member of the village and excluded from the right of getting the very same compensation as the villagers of collective economic organization in the expropriation,and buyers of homestead and houses with limited property rights agree to compensate the sellers even when they has already signed a contract if the expropriation happens.