物质利益与价值观念:全球疫情下的国际冲突与合作

Interests and Ideas:International Cooperation and Conflict under the Global Pandemic

行为体的价值观念偏好是影响国家之间关系的重要因素。2020年全球疫情暴发后各国所采取的应对政策,至少在以下三个议题上超越了物质利益,更与价值观念相关联:一是面对突发的全球公共卫生危机,不同国家根据其社会所偏好的价值观念,采取不同甚至截然相反的应对措施;二是面对全球范围内医疗物质短缺和供应不足,那些一直倡导贸易自由化和投资便利化的国家,以确保"安全、公正、对等"等价值为名,率先推出战略产业政策干预产业链的布局;三是面对世界的无政府状态,被认为具有领导力的国家并不是基于物质利益优先抗击疫情,而是以民主自由等价值取向划界构建新的政治联盟。这表明,过分强调物质利益而忽略观念在行为体利益认知及国内制度形成过程中的影响,是很难全面理解疫情暴发后国际社会所发生的合作与冲突的。

Values and ideas have been undervalued or even neglected in international relations in the context of economic globalization.However,varied domestic and foreign anti-pandemic policies of different countries show that their policies are related more to their values than to their interests.First,different domestic antipandemic policies between the West as in Italy and Great Britain and the East as in China and Singapore reflect not only their different state capacities but also social values rooted in their cultural traditions.Second,facing a severe shortage of medical equipment globally,some countries such as the United States,France,and Japan make use of equity and fairness as pretexts to promote"industrial policies".Third,an ideological quarrel during the pandemic following the Sino-U.S.trade dispute,promotes greater anxiety that a new cold war is underway.