低油价时期上市油气资产减值问题研究

Study on Oil and Gas Asset Devaluation in the Period of Low Oil Price

近年来国际油价一直在50~60美元/bbl上下徘徊,进入2020年后更是进一步下滑,全球上市的油气资源公司其储量受到了巨大冲击,公司折旧(耗)、资产减值和利润等财务指标面临严峻的挑战。如何合理评估油气资源储量和控制油气资产减值成为上市公司的重要工作。以上市油气储量资产为研究对象,开展SPE-PRMS体系石油天然气储量价值研究,进行SPE准则下的油气资产减值测算。通过敏感性测算,油价变化是影响资产减值最关键的因素,操作成本和汇率变化是影响资产减值的重要因素,而贴现率的变化对资产减值影响最小。判断油气资产减值迹象,重点要锁定资产减值边缘的目标单元,而且成本单元划分越细暴露的资产减值风险越大。上市油气公司应科学、审慎地预判未来经济形势,一定要考虑到经济形势变差时的资产减值风险。要加强操作成本控制,提高单元产能,从而有效控制资产减值风险。可以通过合理资产减值而使上游油气资产净值减少,从而减少吨油折耗与折耗额。合理的资产减值符合会计谨慎性原则,同时也增强了未来收益预期的可信度,体现了对投资者负责的经营策略。

In recent years,the international oil price has been hovering around US$50-60/barrel.After 2020,the international oil price has further declined.The reserves of oil and gas resource companies listed in the world have been greatly impacted,and the company′s depreciation(depletion),asset devaluation and profit and other financial indicators are facing severe challenges.How to reasonably evaluate the reserves of oil and gas resources and control the oil and gas assets devaluation is the important work of the listed companies.Taking assets of the oil and gas reserves as research object,the value of oil and gas reserves in the SPE-PRMS system is studied,and oil and gas assets devaluation under SPE standard is calculated.After sensitivity analy-sis,oil price is the most key factor influencing the assets devaluation,and operation cost and exchange rate are the important factors,and discount rate has fewest influences.The target unit near assets devaluation should be researched on emphasis to judge the sign of oil and gas assets devaluation,and risk of assets devaluation is more with detailed sub-division of the cost element.The listed oil and gas companies should an-ticipate future economic situation scientifically and carefully,and must consider the risk of assets devaluation when the economic situation turns bad.The control of the operation cost and improving productivity of the u-nits can effectively control the risk of assets devaluation.Reasonable assets devaluation may result in the de-crease of net value of upstream oil and gas assets and the decrease of depletion per ton of oil and total depletion.The reasonable assets devaluation is in accordance with the principle of accounting prudence,and makes the reliability of future earning and reflects the business strategy of being responsible to the investors.