石化企业水体环境应急措施研究与实施

Research and Implementation of Emergency Measures for Water Environment of Petrochemical Enterprises

某石化企业的水体环境应急防控设置有围堰、地下雨水管道、事故应急池等多项防控措施,但在水体风险防控设施的应急能力评估时,事故状态下的应急时间仍不理想。为了提升环境应急能力,实现事故状态下水体环境风险可控,对环境应急防控措施进行梳理和研究,发现应急时间的提高需要从事故水量降低和事故水储存转输能力提升来实现,而降低事故水量的重点是要降低事故水污染区域的面积,以及降低非事故区域雨水进入雨水监控池的流量。结合企业现场实际情况,提出了实施事故水三级防控体系、实施"清污分流"措施、实施应急状态下的"分区控制",以及提升事故水储存和转输能力等改进措施。模拟该企业某炼油装置突发水体环境应急事故,计算理论应急时间,措施实施后应急时间能够从5.5h提高到23.9h,满足GB 50160—2008《石油化工企业设计防火规范》(2018年修订版)装置区不少于3h消防时间的要求,计算结果表明管控措施有效。

Various emergency prevention and control measures such as cofferdam,underground rainwater pipe and accident emergency pool were taken for the water environment of a petrochemical enterprise.However,the emergency time under the accident condition was still not ideal when evaluating the emergency response ca-pability of water risk prevention and control facilities.In order to improve the emergency response capability of water environment in plant area and realize the controllable risk of water environment under the accident condition,the emergency prevention and control measures for water environment were studied.It was found that the emergency time can be improved by reducing the volume of accident water and improving the storage and transfer capacity of accident water,while the key to reduce the volume of accident water is to reduce the area of accident water pollution area and to reduce the flow of rainwater from non accident area into rainwater monitoring pool.Combined with the actual situation on the plant site,this paper puts forward some improvement measures including the implementation of three-level prevention and control system for accident water,the implementation of clean water diversion,the implementation of zone control in emergency state,and the improvement of storage and transfer capacity of accident water.A sudden water environment emergency ac-cident of an oil refining unit of this enterprise was simulated,and the theoretical emergency time was calculated.After the implementation of these measures,the emergency time can be increased from 5.5 hours to 23.9 hours,meeting the requirements of no less than 3 hours of fire protection time in plant area as stipulated in GB 50160-2008 Standard for Fire Prevention Design of Petrochemical Enterprises(2018 revision).The calculation results show that these control measures are effective.