大理茶的研究进展

A Review of Camellia taliensis

大理茶[Camellia taliensis (W.W. Smith) Melchior],为山茶科(Theaceae)山茶属(Camellia)茶组(Sect. Thea)植物,主要分布于我国云南西部、西南部至缅甸北部。研究表明,大理茶可能是栽培大叶茶的野生近缘种,且具有高度的遗传多样性。大理茶的主要化学成分有生物碱类及水解单宁、黄烷-3-醇、简单酚酸、黄酮及黄酮苷等多酚类物质。体外研究结果显示,大理茶的多酚类成分具有较强的抗氧化、酪氨酸酶抑制活性及抑制人外周血白细胞中Ig E生成的活性。该文对近年来大理茶遗传特征、分布状况、化学成分和生物活性研究进行综述,旨在为大理茶的深入研究和开发利用提供参考依据。

Camellia taliensis(W.W. Smith) Melchior, which belongs to Camellia sect. Thea., is now mainly found in western and southwestern Yunnan of China and Northern Myanmar. It is believed that Camellia taliensis which is highly geneticly diverse, is a closely-related species to Camellia sinensis, a widely cultivated tea plant. As the research shows, the main chemical composition of Camellia taliensis includes alkaloids and polyphenols such as hydrolyzed tannins, flavane-3-alcohols, simple phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavonoid-O-glycosides. According to the in vitro bioactivity studies, the polyphenols of Camellia taliensis have antioxidant properties, inhibiting tyrosinase and reducing the production of IgE in human peripheral blood leukocytes. An overview of the genetic, chemical constituents and bioactivities of Camellia taliensis throughout the world over the times was provided.