梵净山石斛营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of the Nutritional Components of Dendrobium fanjingshanens

以梵净山石斛为对象,对其基本营养成分、游离氨基酸、矿物质和脂肪酸进行测定分析,以期为石斛的药食两用价值提供理论依据。结果表明,梵净山石斛的水浸出物含量为80.6%,粗多糖含量次之,达23.2%,粗纤维含量为10.2%,蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和总黄酮含量分别为3.70%,1.0%和0.07%;梵净山石斛钾和钠含量分别为5360 mg/kg和140 mg/kg,钙和镁含量分别为5240 mg/kg和1660 mg/kg,微量元素中铁含量31.1 mg/kg,锌含量9.02 mg/kg;梵净山石斛含有16种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的42.92%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为86.96%,符合FAO/WHO提出的参考蛋白模式;梵净山石斛中共检测出10种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量最高为0.546%,棕榈酸和油酸含量分别为0.254%和0.195%,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的60.92%,同时含有亚油酸和α-亚麻酸2种必需脂肪酸及2种奇数碳脂肪酸。

In order to provide theoretical basis for medicinal and edible value of Dendrobium fanjingshanens,the basic nutrients,free amino acids,minerals and fatty acids were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the water extract content,crude polysaccharide content,crude fiber content,protein content,fat content and total flavonoids content were 80.6%,23.2%,10.2%,3.70%,1.0%and 0.07%,respectively;Potassium content and sodium content were 5360 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg,respectively;The contents of calcium and magnesium were 5240 mg/kg and 1660 mg/kg,respectively.The contents of iron and zinc were 31.1 mg/kg and 9.02 mg/kg,respectively;Dendrobium fanjingshanens contained 16 kinds of amino acids,7 kinds of essential amino acids,of which the proportion of essential amino acids was 42.92%,and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 86.96%,which followed the reference protein model proposed by FAO/WHO;Dendrobium fanjingshanens had 10 kinds of fatty acids.The highest linoleic acid content was 0.546%,palmitic acid and oleic acid were 0.254%and 0.195%,respectively,unsaturated fatty acids account for 60.92%,and there were two essential fatty acids,linoleic acid andα-linolenic acid,and two odd carbon fatty acids.