城镇化与城乡劳动收入差距——基于中国省级面板数据的实证研究

Urbanization and Urban-rural Labor Income Gap:Based on the Provincial Panel Data

近年来,随着我国城镇化建设的不断推进,有关城镇化与城乡收入差距的研究越来越丰富,其结论根据采用衡量指标和研究方法的不同也互有差异。利用2000-2018年中国省级面板数据,从劳动收入的视角,研究中国城镇化水平对城乡居民收入初次分配公平性的影响。结果发现,城镇化水平的提升会显著加剧由工资性收入和经营净收入构成的城乡劳动收入差距,并且差距不会随着经济的发展呈现库兹涅茨的"倒U"型曲线走势。根据实证研究结论提出相关政策建议,主要包括强化农村教育普及和完善户籍制度改革两个方面。

For the past few years,there are growing number of researches about the relationship between urbanization and urban-rural income gap as urbanization advances,and their findings differ based on various measurable indicators and methodologies.From the viewpoint of labor income,the article takes advantage of a provincial-level dataset for the 2000-2018 period to make a detailed analysis about the effect of urbanization on primary distribution equality.The results are as follows:The improvement of the level of urbanization will significantly aggravate the labor income gap,which consists of wage income and operating income,between urban and rural areas.The study does not reveal a U-shaped tendency of Chinese urbanrural labor income gap in the course of economic development.Accordingly,intervention strategies,including strengthening education popularization in rural areas and putting forward household registra-tion reform,can be applied to narrow the gap.