全面抗战时期的高等教育奖学金制度

A Study on the Scholarship System of Higher Education during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战之初为救济学生,国民政府要求各高校设置公费和免费学额。全面抗战爆发后,当局又开始对沦陷区学生施行贷金制度。然而,仍然有许多大学生因经济困难游走在失学边缘,于是设立各种奖学金成为必然。彼时,高校奖学金一般由各级政府、学校和社会设立。它与公费、免费、贷学金互为补充,但同时又存在排斥关系,为覆盖广泛,学生大多只能领取其中一种。不可否定的是,奖学金给清寒优秀学生带来极大帮助,因此其重要性不言而喻。

At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War,in order to help students,the national government required universities to offer free education or at public expense.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the government began to implement the loan system for the students from the occupied areas.However,there were still many students facing dropouts due to financial difficulties,so the establishment of various scholarships became a historical necessity.At that time,scholarships were generally set up by the government,universities and the society.Although the scholarships,the public expense and the loans were complementary to each other,they were mutually exclusive.In order to cover more students,most of them could only receive one.There was no doubt that scholarships brought great help to the poor students,so its importance was self-evident.