制度性合作机制下脱贫户生计可持续性评价与脱贫政策效应研究

A Study on the Sustainability Evaluation and Policy Effect of Poverty Alleviation Livelihood in the Context ofInstitutional Cooperation

基于我国政府、社会和脱贫户间形成的制度性合作机制,在经典SLA基础上改进了生计资本评价体系,并利用2017年秦巴山区大规模入户调查数据和熵权TOPSIS方法对脱贫户生计可持续性进行了评价,据此进一步构建计量模型,实证研究了现行主要脱贫政策对维护脱贫户生计可持续性的生计效应。结果发现,自身能力较弱且得不到特殊保障的“两不靠”脱贫户,在现行机制下生计可持续性最差,返贫风险最高,而这类脱贫户在务农型和60岁以上高龄群体中表现尤为突出。在政策效应上,务工增收政策显著促进了脱贫户物质资本、人力资本、金融资本,以及兼业型与务农型脱贫户的社会资本水平,但对社区资本具有一定的抑制作用;产业发展政策对脱贫户金融资本,以及兼业型与务农型脱贫户的物质资本、人力资本和社会资本具有提升作用,而社会保障政策则对脱贫户所有生计资本的影响均不显著;相较其他类型脱贫户,现行政策对务工型脱贫户的影响更为有利。

To promote the realization of sustainable livelihood of the poverty alleviation households is key in preventing them from returning to poverty.Based on the institutional cooperation mechanism formed among the government, the society and the poverty alleviation households, this paper aims to improve the livelihood capital evaluation system on the basis of the classic SLA, and evaluates the livelihood sustainability of the poverty alleviation households by using the large-scale survey data in Qinba Mountain Area in 2017 and the entropy weight TOPSIS method. It further constructs the measurement model and demonstrates the effects of the current main Poverty Alleviation Policies to maintain the livelihood sustainability of the poverty alleviation households.The results show that the poverty alleviation households with weak ability and no special guarantee have the worst livelihood sustainability and the highest risk of returning to poverty, especially the agricultural type and the elderly over 60 years old. In terms of policy effect, the increasing income policy promoted the level of livelihood capital of the poverty alleviation households, such as material, human and financial capital, as well as social capital of part-time type and farming type of poverty alleviation households , but has some level of inhibitory effect on community capital;the industrial development policy has a promoting effect on the financial capital of all poverty alleviation households, as well as material, human , social capital of part-time type and farming type of poverty alleviation households;the social security policy has no significant effect on all livelihood capital. Compared with other types, the current policy on theworkingtype of poverty alleviation is more favorable.