离婚冷静期:由经验到逻辑——《民法典》第1077条评析

The Social Base and Legislative Expression of Divorce Calm Period in the Marriage and Family Law

《民法典》设立离婚冷静期是立法对社会积极应对轻率离婚实践经验的确认与反映,对防止轻率离婚、维护婚姻家庭稳定以及构建平等、和睦、文明的婚姻家庭关系具有重要价值。《民法典》第1077条存在制度供给不足之缺憾,尚有亟待完善和补正的空间。冷静期不独适用于协议离婚,诉讼离婚亦有适用余地,在期间设置上宜采“区分设置”模式,尤其在出现家庭暴力、虐待或遗弃等严重人身侵害情形,应予排除适用。立法应明确规定夫妻人身关系及财产关系在冷静期内的变动规则,同时密切关注和保护儿童利益,冷静期内的未成年子女抚养务须妥善安排。

The establishment of divorce calm period in the marriage and family law has a profound social foundation.It is the confirmation and reflection of legislation on the practical experience of society’s effective response to reckless divorce.It is of great significance to prevent reckless divorce,maintain the stability of marriage and family,and build an equal,harmonious and civilized marriage and family relationship.Although the divorce calm period system can respond to the social demands in time,there is still room for improvement and correction.The divorce calm period shall be applied in both the divorce by agreement and the divorce by litigation.The“differentiated setting”mode shall be adopted in the setting of the period,especially in the case of serious personal injury such as domestic violence,maltreatment or abandonment.The legislation shall clearly stipulate the rules for the change of personal and property relations between husband and wife during the period of calmness,meanwhile,pay close attention to and protect the interests of children.