兴化湾大型底栖生物时空分布及环境质量评价

The benthic spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and environment status assessment in Xinghua Bay,Fujian,China

根据2016年兴化湾春季(3月)和秋季(10月)大型底栖生物调查数据,首次在兴化湾海域利用不同底栖生物指数(Shannon-Weaver指数H′、AMBI、M-AMBI)对底栖环境质量进行评价,并分析各指数的时空分布特征。通过三种指数评价结果比较以及分析各指数与沉积物、水质等环境因子间的关系来探究不同底栖生物指数在兴化湾海域的适用性。三种指数的评价结果在春季一致性较高,秋季差异性明显,M-AMBI和H′指数与环境因子特别是对氮、磷的相关性较好。M-AMBI指数的评价等级梯度和稳定性更好,是沉积物有机富集程度低、以敏感种为主、生物数量季节变化明显的兴化湾进行底栖环境质量评价的优选指数,春秋评价结果分别为良好与一般。底栖环境质量的时空分布特征与入湾河流、水产养殖活动和潮动力等因素关系密切。

Due to the differences in the principles of biological index and the habitat characteristics of the study area,the evaluation results were different when using different evaluation indexes to evaluate the regional habitat quality.It was more important to analyze the applicability of the existing indexes in the evaluation than to propose a new index.Based on the survey data of macrobenthos in spring(March)and autumn(October)of Xinghua Bay in 2016,this study firstly used different benthos evaluation indexes(Shannon Weaver index H′,AMBI,and M-AMBI)to evaluate the benthos environment quality of Xinghua Bay,and analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of each index.By comparing the results of the three indexes and analyzing the correlations between them and the factors of sediment and water quality,the applicability of the biological evaluation index in the Xinghua Bay was explored.The results of the three indexes were consistent in spring,but different in autumn.The M-AMBI and H′indexes had better correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus in water.The M-AMBI index was the best index for the assessment of benthic environment quality in Xinghua Bay,which was characterized by low organic concentration,sensitive species as the main composition of macrobenthos and obvious seasonal change of biomass.The overall evaluation results were good in spring and average in autumn.It was also found that the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of benthic environment quality were closely related to the factors such as the river entering the Bay,aquaculture activities and the tide power of Xinghua.This study analyzed the application and applicability of the existing biological index in Xinghua Bay,hoping to provide theoretical support for the ecological monitoring and management planning of Xinghua Bay.