配合饲料和冰鲜饵料对拟穴青蟹养殖的影响

Evaluation of the effects of formulated diet and trash fish diet on the aquaculture of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

本试验评估了投喂配合饲料和冰鲜饵料对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)池塘混养模式的影响。经过5个月的养殖试验,结果显示:配合饲料组与冰鲜饵料组抽样青蟹的平均规格、形体学指标、肝胰腺指数和性腺指数均无显著差异(P<0.05)。配合饲料组的青蟹肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于冰鲜饵料组(P<0.05)。配合饲料组青蟹胃蛋白酶、肠蛋白酶的活性显著高于冰鲜饵料组(P<0.05),胃淀粉酶活性显著低于冰鲜饵料组(P<0.05)。冰鲜饵料组池塘水体的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、磷酸盐和总有机碳指标均高于配合饲料组(P>0.05)。在属水平上,冰鲜饵料组水样中的海命菌属等7种微生物菌的平均相对丰度显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);冰鲜饵料组底泥中的地杆菌属等8种微生物菌的平均相对丰度显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05)。配合饲料组每667 m 2总产量(蟹+虾+贝)和利润分别为374 kg和6210元,比冰鲜饵料组分别增加5.9%和42.6%。投喂配合饲料可以提高拟穴青蟹围塘养殖效益,具有推广可行性。

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of formulated diet(FD)and trash fish diet(TFD)on mud crab,Scylla paramamosain in integrated multi-trophic seawater pond system,while the feeding trial lasted 5 months.The results showed that there were no significant differences among the average body weight,hepatopancreas index and gonadosomatic index of S.paramamosain randomly selected from two dietary treatments(P>0.05).The crude protein content of muscle in crabs fed with FD was significantly higher than that of in TFD(P<0.05).The protease activity of crabs in FD pond was higher than that of in TFD pond,while the stomach amylase activity was significantly lower(P<0.05).The trypsin activity in gut was higher of crabs fed with TFD(P<0.05).The water quality indexes including NH-3-N,NO-2-N,NO-3-N,DRP and TOC in TFD pond were high than those of in FD pond(P>0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Marivitaa and other six taxa were significant higher in water of TFD pond(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of Geothermobacter and other eight taxa in sediment samples were higher in TFD pond(P<0.05).The total production(crab+shrimp+shellfish)and profit in FD pond were 374 kg and 6210 yuan per 667m^2,respectively,increasing by 5.9%and 42.6%than those of in TFD pond.In general,the formulated diet was determined to be more ecologically and economically sustainable than the trash fish diet for mud crab in the present aquaculture system.