刷单炒信行为的法教义学审视与刑法规制

Examine of legal doctrine and criminal law regulation of the credit speculation

对刷单炒信行为可以从侵害对象角度和实施主体角度进行双重解构,并依据其特性合理入罪。从法益侵害角度看,刷单炒信行为侵犯的是公司的财产权、店铺的合法权益或者电商平台的信用评价机制。从归责主体看,刷单炒信可分为单一式刷单炒信、交互式刷单炒信与平台式刷单炒信。对侵犯公司财产权的刷单行为,可能构成诈骗罪,亦可能构成盗窃罪,关键在于审核主体;对于侵犯店铺权益的反向刷单,应当构成破坏生产经营罪;而侵犯信用评价机制的平台式刷单炒信,不应当以非法经营罪定罪处罚。从法益侵害类型、立法目的以及构成要件符合性视角,运用法教义学的方法,可以考虑适用非法利用信息网络罪。

The behavior of credit speculation can be deconstructed from the perspective of both the object of infringement and the subject of implementation,and be reasonably convicted according to its characteristics.From the angle of legal interests,and the behavior credit speculation violates the property rights of company,legitimate rights and interests of shops or credit evaluation mechanism of e-commerce platform.From the angle of the subject of responsibility,it can be classified into one-way credit speculation,interactive credit speculation and platform-based credit speculation.The behavior of credit speculation infringing property rights of company may constitute a crime of fraud or a crime of theft,depending on the audit subject.The reverse credit speculation infringing the legitimate rights and interests of shops should constitute a crime of destroying production and operation.However,platform-based credit speculation that infringes credit evaluation mechanism should not be convicted and punished for crime of illegal business operations.Based on the type of legal interest infringement,purpose of legislation,and conformity of constituent elements,and with the method of legal doctrine,it can be considered to apply the crime of illegal use of information networks.