深圳市中年养老意愿及养老服务需求研究

A study on Care Willingness and Care Service Demand of Middle-aged in Shenzhen

目的研究深圳市中年养老意愿及养老服务需求.方法2018年5月~7月以随机抽样法选取深圳市中年人200名进行研究.以基线资料调查表、养老意愿调查表以及养老服务需求调查表实施问卷调查.分析深圳市中年养老意愿、养老服务需求情况及养老意愿和基线资料的关系,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析.结果200名受试者的养老意愿中居家养老为63.50%,机构养老意愿为36.50%,其中机构养老意愿中社区卫生服务中心办养老机构养老、公办养老机构养老、民办养老机构养老分别为20.50%、11.00%、5.00%.200名受试者在日常生活照料方面养老服务的需求按照占比从高到低顺序分别为打扫卫生50.50%、洗衣洗被44.50%、干重体力活43.50%、买菜做饭41.00%、陪护出行31.00%、协助洗澡22.50%;在医疗保健方面养老服务的需求按照占比从高到低顺序依次为身体检查52.00%、陪同看病46.00%、康复锻炼42.00%、上门医疗护理38.50%;在精神文化方面养老服务的需求按照占比从高到低顺序依次是聊天解闷67.00%、文娱活动46.50%、体育活动33.50%.单因素分析结果显示,深圳市中年养老意愿为机构养老的影响因素包括配偶情况、子女个数、家庭人均月收入以及目前居住方式(P<0.05).经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,配偶离异或已故、子女个数≤1、家庭人均月收入<3000元、目前未与子女居住均是深圳市中年机构养老意愿的独立危险因素.结论深圳市中年人对居家养老意愿明显较高,且对生活照料、医疗保健以及精神文化养老服务的需求较为迫切.

Objective To study the middle-aged pension intention and pension service demand in Shenzhen.Methods 200 middle-aged patients form May to July 2018 in Shenzhen were selected by random sampling.The baseline data questionnaire,pension intention questionnaire and pension service demand questionnaire were used to conduct the questionnaire survey.The pension intention and pension service demand of middle-aged in Shenzhen were analyzed,the relationship between pension intention and baseline data was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Among the 200 middle-aged,the number of home-based care providers accounted for 63.50%,while the number of institutional care providers accounted for 36.50%.Among the institutional care providers,the proportion of community health service center pension institutions,public pension institutions and private pension institutions was 20.50%,11.00%and 5.00%,respectively.In terms of daily life care,the needs of the 200 subjects for elderly care services were 50.50%for cleaning,44.50%for washing clothes and quilts,43.50%for heavy manual work,41.00%for buying food and cooking,31.00%for accompanying travel,and 22.50%for assisting in bathing according to the order of proportion.In terms of medical care,the demands for elderly care services were 52.00%for physical examination,46.00%for accompanying medical treatment,42.00%for rehabilitation exercise and 38.50%for door-to-door medical care in order of proportion.In terms of spiritual culture,the demand for elderly care services was 67.00%,46.50%for entertainment and 33.50%for sports according to the proportion.Through single factor analysis,it was found that the influencing factors of middle-aged pension intention for institutional pension in Shenzhen included spouse status,number of children,per capita monthly income of the family and current living style(P<0.05).Through multivariate Logistic regression analysis,it can be concluded that divorced spouse or deceased spouse,number of children≤1,family per capita monthly income<3000 yuan,and not living with children at present are independent risk factors for the pension intention of middle-aged institutions in Shenzhen.Conclusion The middle-aged people in Shenzhen has a higher willingness to take care of the elderly at home,and have a more urgent need for life care,medical care and spiritual and cultural services.