基于主体功能区规划的中国城市化地区生态功能评估

Evaluation of Ecological Functions of Urbanized Areas Based on the Plan for Major Functional Areas in China

从县域尺度对中国主要城市化地区生态功能开展后评估研究,分析城市化地区生态功能指数与第三级指标的相关性,对生态功能明显衰退地区提出政策建议。结果表明:2009-2015年,"两横三纵"城市化战略格局生态功能中高水平区县占比从78.68%降低至68.13%;优化开发区域生态功能中高水平区县占比由53.85%减少至37.28%,明显降低区域主要分布于京津冀东南部、环渤海地区;重点开发区域生态功能中高水平区县占比由73.78%降低至69.21%,明显降低区域分布在中原城市群和东北地区。生态退化的城市化地区均伴随不同程度的生境质量指数降低、生态空间减少、开发强度以及人口密度增加现象。生态功能与第三级指标的相关性由大到小依次为生态空间占比>生境质量指数>开发强度>人口密度。建议强调发展控制,加强生态保护,实施分区分类管控,健全不同主体功能区差异化协同发展长效机制。

The ecological function of major urbanized areas in China was evaluated and analyzed at county scale,the correlation between ecological function index and three-level index was analyzed,and suggestions were put forward for areas with obvious ecological function decline.The results show that from 2009 to 2015,the proportion of districts and counties with high level ecological function of the‘two horizontal and three vertical’urbanization strategic pattern decreased from 78.68%to 68.13%.The proportion of districts and counties with high level ecological function of the optimized development zones decreased from 53.85%to 37.28%.Counties with obviously degradation in ecological function are mainly distributed in the southeast of BeijingTianjin-Hebei region and the Bohai coastal region.The proportion of districts and counties with high level ecological function index of the key development zones decreased from 73.78%to 69.21%.Counties with obviously degradation in ecological function are mainly distributed in the central Henan urban agglomeration and northeast region.Urban areas with ecological degradation are accompanied by different degrees of habitat quality index reduction,ecological space reduction,development intensity and population density increases.The order of the correlation between eco-function index and three-level index are as follows:Proportion of ecological space,habitat quality index,development intensity and population density.It is suggested to emphasize development control,strengthen ecological protection,implement classification control,and improve the long-term mechanism of differentiated coordinated development of different major functional areas.