外泌体在肺癌发病及诊断中作用的研究进展

Advances in Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

世界范围内肺癌的发病率居高不下,不论男性还是女性,肺癌均是恶性肿瘤死亡的首位原因。肺癌的早期诊断将显著改善患者的预后,寻找辅助早期肺癌诊断的标志物是当前研究热点。外泌体是由各种细胞分泌的纳米级微囊泡,包含核酸、蛋白质和脂质等多种成分,是细胞间或细胞与组织间信号传递或物质运输的重要载体。独特的富集机制使其具有作为生物标志物的稳定性和特异性。外泌体除参与肺癌肿瘤微环境的形成及新生血管的生成外,还参与化疗、靶向治疗反应及预后评估。诸多研究进展成果为延长肺癌患者生存期带来新的希望。本文就外泌体特异性蛋白和微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在肺癌发病、诊断及预后评估中的价值进行综述。

The incidence of lung cancer is high worldwide,and lung cancer is the leading cause of death from malignant tumors in both men and women.Early diagnosis of lung cancer can significantly improve the patient’s prognosis.Therefore,searching for specific markers to assist in the early diagnosis of lung cancer is urgent question.Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicles and contain various biomaterial,including nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids.Exosomes are important carriers of these biomaterial,serve important roles in intracellular communications and signal transduction among tissues.Due to its unique enrichment mechanism,it has the stability and specificity as a biomarker.Exosomes are not only involved in the formation of tumor microenvironment and new blood vessels in lung cancer,but also involved in chemotherapy,targeted therapy response and prognosis assessment.Many research advances bring new hope for prolonging the survival of lung cancer patients.This article reviews the value of exosome specific protein and microRNA(miRNA)in lung cancer in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.