龙须菜栽培与遗传育种

Review on the Cultivation and Genetic Breeding of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis(Rhodophyta)

龙须菜是一种重要的产琼胶海洋红藻,富含多种活性成分。从1950年代即开始栽培,目前龙须菜/江蓠在中国大型栽培海藻中产量占第二位,2018年产量超过30万t干品,栽培面积达到90 km^2。目前通过全国水产原种和良种审定委员会审定的栽培龙须菜品种有龙须菜“981”、“2007”和“鲁龙1号”三个。龙须菜栽培不仅具有较大的经济效益,也具有较好生态价值。本文介绍了龙须菜人工栽培的技术进步历史、产业分布与发展、对生态环境保护的作用、新品种特性与应用,梳理了龙须菜琼胶合成途径研究和诱变育种技术进展,并对龙须菜栽培产业面临的挑战与未来发展进行了展望。

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is an important agar-producing red alga,which rich in many bioactivity substances.It was started to be cultivated from 50’of 20th century,which ranked 2nd in cultivated macroalgae as for annual output in China together with Gracilaria species.The output were more than 300 thousand tons dry weigh,while the cultivation acre reached 9 thousand hectare in 2018.There were total three cultivars of G.lemaneiformis“981”,“2007”and“Lulong No.1”which have been authorized by the National Examine and Approve Committee of Aquculture Stock and Improved Variety.The cultivation of G.lemaneiformis have important economic benefit as well as ecological value.The development history of cultivation technique,the distribution of cultivation industry and development,the impact of cultivation on ecology environment,the traits and application of new cultivars of G.lemaneiformis were introduced in this report.The studies on agar synthesis pathway as well as the technique progresses of mutagenesis were reviewed.In the end,the challenges and development about the cultivation industry of G.lemaneiformis in the future were prospected.