CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在水生甲壳动物中的应用进展

Advances on the Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Aquatic Crustacean

CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9)技术是一种由gRNA(guide RNA)引导的Cas9核酸内切酶靶向编辑技术,已广泛用于基因的敲除、敲入和敲降,其操作简便快速,成本低,已成为人们探究基因功能、修复受损基因、沉默有害基因以及改良经济物种种质性状的重要工具。目前,该技术已经在少数几种水生甲壳动物中得到成功应用,但是由于显微注射技术在应用上的局限性,该技术在许多重要海水养殖经济物种如对虾中的应用受到限制,导致其基因编辑效率低下,难以广泛开展。本文对CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在水生甲壳动物中的应用进行了综述和展望,为今后海水养殖虾蟹类的基因功能研究以及遗传育种研究提供参考。

CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9),a targeted gene editing tool using a gRNA-guided Cas9 nuclease,has been widely used to knock out,knock in and knock down the target genes in order to explore the biological functions of genes,repair the impaired genes,silence the harmful genes and improve the germplasm traits of economically important species in a simple and rapid way with low cost.Up to date,the CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been successfully used in several aquatic crustaceans,but failed in the economically important marine crustaceans like penaeid shrimps with low editing efficiency due to the technical barrier of microinjection.In this review the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in aquatic crustaceans is summarized and outlooked for the reference of future works on the gene functions and genetic breeding of shrimps and crabs.