高耐碱表面活性剂的开发及在工业清洗中的应用

Development of High Alkali-Resistant Surfactant and Its Application in Industrial Cleaning

工业清洗过程中,高碱含量脱脂剂能够显著提升金属清洗效率,增加脱脂剂中碱含量的关键是提高表面活性剂的耐碱性.选择不同类别的表面活性剂测其耐碱性,并研究其结构对耐碱性的影响规律,同时考察清洗效果和抑泡性能.耐碱性较高的表面活性剂一般具有较强亲水性,在强碱溶液中不易形成胶束析出,但清洗效果不如耐碱性差的非离子表面活性剂BGF-10、610或X-100.采用两种或者三种表面活性剂进行复配,得到了耐碱性高(≥32%)、清洗效果好(100%)和经济性好(14800元/t)的复配表面活性剂(PPE1040K+X-100(或610)+APG).将其与NaOH配制成脱脂剂,用于金属清洗时发现清洗效果及抑泡性能均明显好于X-100.当脱脂剂中三元表面活性剂质量分数为2%、脱脂剂在清洗液中质量分数为3%时,室温下脱脂率达到100%,展示出极佳的工业应用前景.

In the process of industrial cleaning,degreaser with high alkali content can significantly improve the efficiency of metal cleaning.The key to increase the alkali content of degreaser is to improve the alkali resistance of surfactant.Different kinds of surfactants were selected to test their alkali resistance,and the influence of their structure on the alkali resistance was studied.At the same time,the cleaning effect and foam suppression performance were investigated.Generally,surfactants with high alkali resistance have strong hydrophilicity,and it is not easy to form micelles in strong alkali solution,but the cleaning effect is not as good as non-ionic surfactants BGF-10,610 or X-100 with poor alkali resistance.Two or three kinds of surfactants were used to prepare the composite surfactants(PPE1040K+X-100(or 610)+APG)with high alkali resistance(≥32%),good cleaning effect(100%)and good economy(14800 yuan/ton).When it was used in metal cleaning,it was found that the cleaning effect and antifoam performance of the degreaser prepared with NaOH were significantly better than that of X-100.When the mass fraction of surfactant in degreaser is 2%and the mass fraction of degreaser in cleaning solution is only 3%,the degreasing rate reaches 100%at room temperature,which shows an excellent industrial application prospect.