细胞转化试验研究进展及在卷烟烟气评价中的应用

Research progress in cell transformation test and its application in cigarette smoke evaluation

为了解细胞转化试验的发展现状,以及在卷烟烟气致癌评价中的应用,分析梳理相关文献材料。细胞转化试验可以在短期内评价各种遗传毒性和非遗传毒性致癌物的致癌性,并与动物致癌试验结果有较强一致性。恶性转化后的细胞主要表现为细胞形态改变、细胞永生化、细胞间接触抑制消失,以及注入动物体内有形成肿瘤的能力。转化细胞的鉴定方法包括转化细胞灶计数、凝集试验、软琼脂培养和裸鼠接种等。目前应用最为广泛的是以BALB/c 3T3细胞、Bhas 42细胞和SHE细胞为研究对象开展的细胞转化试验。卷烟烟气是含有多种非遗传致癌毒性化学物质的复杂气溶胶,细胞转化试验常被用作评价卷烟烟气致癌作用的体外替代方法。其不同于短期的遗传毒性试验,通过对细胞几十代的长期染毒,模拟人类吸烟诱导细胞恶性转化的长期状态,与人类吸烟导致癌症发生更为接近。因此,细胞转化试验可以评价卷烟烟气,以及其他烟草制品的致癌性。

In order to understand the current development of cell transformation assay(CTA)and its application in the evaluation of cigarette smoke carcinogenesis,the relevant literatures were analyzed and combed from these two aspects.CTA can evaluate the carcinogenicity of various genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens in a short period of time,and has a strong consistency with the results of animal carcinogenic test.After malignant transformation,the cells show changes in cell morphology,immortalization of cells,disappearance of cell-cell contact inhibition,and the ability to form tumors when injected into animals.The identification methods of transformed cells include transformed cell focus count,agglutination test,soft agar culture and inoculation of nude mice,etc.At present,BALB/c 3T3 cells,Bhas 42 cells and SHE cells are the most widely used cells for CTA.Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a variety of non-genetic carcinogenic chemicals.Cell transformation tests are often used as an in vitro alternative method to evaluate the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke,which is different from the short-term genetic toxicity test.It simulates the long-term state of human smoking induced malignant transformation of cells,through the long-term exposure of cells for several decades,which is closer to the occurrence of cancer caused by human smoking.Therefore,CTA can evaluate the carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke and other tobacco products.