高中生对化学核心概念掌握情况的测查分析——以“电解质、离子反应、化学键”概念群为例

Analysis of Senior High School Students'Understanding of Chemical Core Concepts:Electrolyte,Ion Reaction and Chemical Bond

电解质、离子反应、化学键组成一个核心概念群,是学生掌握相关知识的重难点。对北京市普通高中370名高二学生的测查显示:(1)概念掌握的程度为:化学键<离子反应<电解质。(2)"电解质的概念"与"导电原理""离子反应概念""离子共存"的掌握程度存在显著相关;电离与离子反应概念的掌握程度显著相关;"导电原理"与"离子反应概念""离子共存""离子键与共价键综合辨析"的掌握程度显著相关。表明电解质的概念、导电原理的理解与掌握是概念体系中的重要纽带。(3)优秀、中等、学困3类学生在解决容易和较难2类概念的相关问题上差异最大,而中等难度上的差异相对较小。基于此,提出了相应的核心概念教学对策。

The core concept of chemistry is the most important content in chemistry teaching. The concepts of electrolyte, ion reaction and chemical bond constitute a core concept group, which is the key and difficult point for students to master relevant knowledge. The investigation of 370 senior high school students in Beijing shows that:(1) The degree of conceptual mastery is chemical bond< ion reaction< electrolyte.(2) The "concept of electrolyte" is significantly related to the mastery of "conduction principle" "ion reaction concept" and "ion coexistence";there is a significant correlation between ionization and mastery of ion reaction concepts;the "conduction principle" is significantly related to the mastery of "ion reaction concept" "ion coexistence" and "comprehensive discrimination of ionic bond and covalent bond". It is shown that the understanding and mastery of electrolyte and conductive principle are important links in the conceptual system.(3) Outstanding, intermediate and academically disabled students have the biggest difference in solving problems related to the concepts of easy and difficult, while the difference in intermediate difficulty is relatively small. Based on this, this paper puts forward the corresponding core concept teaching countermeasures.