2010-2019年吉林省猩红热流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Jilin Province from 2010 to 2019

目的分析吉林省猩红热发病趋势和流行特征,为制订有效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2010-2019年吉林省报告的猩红热病例信息,采用描述性流行病学方法对吉林省猩红热三间分布特征进行分析。结果2010-2019年吉林省累计报告猩红热病例26614例,年平均发病率为9.71/10万。一年四季均有病例发生,存在明显的季节性,发病高峰出现在5-6月和10-12月。在各个市(州)均有发病,年平均发病率居前3位的市(州)为延边朝鲜族自治州(23.12/10万)、吉林市(16.68/10万)和松原市(10.84/10万),不同地区之间发病率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性报告病例数明显高于女性,男女性别比为1.44∶1;男性发病率为11.30/10万,女性发病率为8.08/10万,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发病患者年龄集中在15岁以下(占97.87%),以5~6岁报告发病率最高,报告发病率为230.01/10万。职业分布主要为学生(占41.88%)、托幼儿童(占40.67%)和散居儿童(占15.96%)。结论吉林省猩红热发病呈周期性波动,学生和托幼儿童是发病的高危人群,冬春季是猩红热高发季节,应加强冬春季学校和托幼机构以及高发病地区猩红热疫情防控工作,有效控制猩红热的发生和蔓延。

Objective To analyze the tendency and epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Jilin Province for scientific evidence to plan effective prevention and control strategies.Methods Cases of scarlet fever reported in Jilin Province were retrieved from 2010 to 2019 through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of this infectious disease in Jilin from2010 to 2019.Results Totally,26614 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Jilin Province from 2010 through 2019,with an average annual incidence rate of 9.71/100000.This disease was prevalent throughout the year,yet characterized in seasonal fashion,peaked between May and June,and October and December.Although scarlet fever was generally prevalent in each city(prefecture),yet highest in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture(23.12/100000),Jilin City(16.68/100000)and Songyuan City(10.84/100000).The incidence rate varied among different areas(P<0.05).Students(41.88%),children at nursery(40.67%)and scattered living children(15.96%)were mostly affected,particularly those aged under 15 years(97.87%).The reported cases were higher in boys than in girls,with a ratio of 1.44∶1,and the incidence rate was 11.30/100000 for boys and 8.08/100000 for girls.The difference was significant(P<0.05).The highest distribution was in children aged 5~6 years,with reported incidence being 230.01/100000.Conclusion The incidence of scarlet fever appears in periodical fashion in Jilin Province,and students and children at nursery are at high risks of infection.Prevalence of this infectious disease is most associated with winter and spring seasons,suggesting that prevention and control of scarlet fever in schools and nursery institutions as well as areas with high incidence should be strengthened in winter and spring seasons in order to control the spread of this infection.