就业质量、获得感对农民工入户意愿的影响

The Effects of Employment quality and Sense of Gain on Rural Migrant Workers’ Willingness to be Urban citizens

基于8城市12370份农民工问卷调查数据,实证分析了就业质量对农民工入户意愿的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明,农民工入户意愿总体不高,愿意入户比例未超过一半。就业质量对农民工入户意愿具有显著直接影响,具体而言,农民工的就业质量越高,即在国有部门就业、自营劳动者、月收入和社会保险水平越高、参加技能培训、本地工作时间越长、职业预期稳定性高、主观职业地位越高,农民工的入户意愿越高;但超时劳动、单位包吃住、签订劳动合同则显著不利于入户意愿的产生。就业质量还会通过获得感间接影响农民工的入户意愿,获得感是劳动时间、工资收入、技能培训、职业预期稳定性、主观职业地位与入户意愿的中介变量。据此,建议从就业能力和保障农民工合法劳动权益等方面提高农民工就业质量,增强农民工的获得感,助力农民工市民化进程的有序推进。

This study empirically analyzes the influence of employment quality on migrant workers’ willingness to be urban citizens based on the data of 12,370 questionnaires of migrant workers from 8 cities. The results show that the willingness of migrant workers to be urban citizens is generally not high, the proportion is less than half. The employment quality has a significant direct impact on the willingness of migrant workers to be urban citizens. The higher the employment quality of migrant workers, that is, workers in state-owned sectors, self-owned workers, the higher the level of monthly income and social insurance, participation in skills training, the longer the local working years,the higher the prospective career stability,the higher the subjective occupational status,the higher the willingness of migrant workers to be an urban citizen. However, overtime work, the bag eats encase, signing the labor contract are not conducive to hukou migration. Employment quality also indirectly affects migrant workers’ willingness to be urban citizens through a sense of gain. The sense of gain is the mediating variable between the work time, wage, skills training,prospective career stability, subjective occupational status and the willingness of migrant workers to be urban citizens. Therefore, it is important to improve the employment quality from the aspects of employment ability and protection of migrant workers’ legitimate labor rights and interests, to enhance the sense of gain of migrant workers and facilitate the orderly progress of migrant workers’ citizenization.