帕金森病冻结步态治疗药物的研究进展

Research progress on drug therapy of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease

帕金森病是常见的神经系统变性疾病,冻结步态是帕金森病的难治性症状,表现为患者试图行走或前进时步伐短暂、突然地中止,在中晚期帕金森病患者中比较常见,严重影响患者的生活质量和预后。目前帕金森病冻结步态的治疗以药物为主,辅以康复及手术治疗。就帕金森病冻结步态治疗药物的研究进展进行综述,主要包括影响多巴胺能神经递质的药物,如左旋多巴、多巴胺能受体激动剂、单胺氧化酶B抑制剂;同时影响多巴胺能和非多巴胺能神经递质的药物,如金刚烷胺、屈昔多巴联合恩他卡朋、哌甲酯等;影响非多巴胺能神经递质的药物,如胆碱酯酶抑制剂、抗抑郁药及伊曲茶碱等。

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease.Freezing of gait is a refractory symptom of Parkinson's disease,which is manifested by the short and sudden stop of the patient's step when they try to walk or move forward.Freezing of gait is common in the patients with Parkinson's disease in the middle and late stage,which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of the patients.At present,the treatment of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is mainly drugs,supplemented by rehabilitation and surgery.This paper reviews the research progress of drugs for the treatment of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease,including drugs that affect dopaminergic neurotransmitters,such as levodopa,dopaminergic receptor agonists,monoamine oxidase B inhibitors;drugs that affect both dopaminergic and non dopaminergic neurotransmitters,such as amantadine,droxidopa combined with entacapone,methylphenidate;drugs that affect nondopaminergic neurotransmitters,such as cholinesterase inhibitors,antidepressants and itracophylline.