来自东亚的黑耳属一新种,亚东黑耳

Exidia yadongensis, a new edible species from East Asia

"亚东黑耳"是西藏近几年备受关注的一种特色野生珍稀食用菌,但对其分类学地位尚无定论。本文基于分子系统学和形态学研究了东亚、欧洲和北美洲与亚东黑耳相近的黑耳属标本,发现碟形黑耳Exidia recisa是个物种复合群,已知包括4个种,欧洲有碟形黑耳和浅波黑耳E.repanda两个种,北美洲有钝齿黑耳E.crenata,东亚的为1新种,本文将其描述为亚东黑耳Exidia yadongensis。这4个种在系统发育关系中相近,形态相似,但亚东黑耳的子实体边缘基本是全缘,担孢子大小为12–16×3–4μm(Q=3.62–3.83),而欧洲的碟形黑耳E.recisa和北美洲的钝齿黑耳E.crenata子实体边缘通常锯齿状,担孢子分别为13–15.5×2.8–3.8μm(Q=4.51)和12–14×3–4μm(Q=4.11),浅波黑耳E.repanda具有垫状至波浪状折叠的子实体,区别于其他3个种的盘状至耳状的子实体,其担孢子为12.7–15.7×2.8–3.7μm(Q=4.33–4.57)。此外,亚东黑耳具有树状分枝和叉形的子实层侧丝,但其他3个种只有树状分枝的子实层侧丝。尽管亚东黑耳广泛分布于东亚地区,但由于亚东黑耳的汉语名称已经在中国普遍使用,所以我们提出了上述拉丁学名。

"Yadongheier"is a unique and precious edible fungus,which has been received much attention in Tibet of China in recent years,but its taxonomic status has not been determined.Specimens of Exidia resemblance to"yadongheier"from East Asia,Europe and North America were studied based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses.It is found that Exidia recisa is a species complex which includes four species,E.recisa and E.repanda from Europe,E.crenata from North America,and"yadongheier"from East Asia.Asian species is described as E.yadongensis.These four species are closely related in phylogeny and they are more or less similar morphologically,but E.yadongensis has basidiomata with almost entire edge and basidiospores measuring 12–16×3–4μm with Q=3.62–3.83,while European E.recisa and North American E.crenata have basidiomata with lobed edge and basidiospores measuring 13–15.5×2.8–3.8μm with Q=4.51 and 12–14×3–4μm with Q=4.11,respectively.The European E.repanda differs from other three species with discoid to auriculate basidiomata by its turbinate to gyros folded basidiomata and basidiospores measuring 12.7–15.7×2.8–3.7μm with Q=4.33–4.57.In addition,E.yadongensis has both dendrite and forked hyphidia,while the other three species have dendrite hyphidia only.Although E.yadongensis is widely distributed in East Asia,"Yadongensis"is proposed as epithet because the Chinese name"yadongheier"has already widely been used in China.