螺旋铣孔技术研究进展

Research progress of helical milling technology

各种连接孔的加工是航空航天构件装配中的重要工作之一。新型大型飞机等难加工材料使用越来越多、制孔孔径深度越来越大、制孔精度质量要求越来越高,使得制孔加工变得越发困难,传统制孔方法逐渐不能满足需求。螺旋铣孔是一种针对航空航天构件装配制孔需求出现的新技术,其采用特制刀具通过偏心铣削的方式实现圆孔加工。由于材料去除原理改变,螺旋铣孔相对传统制孔方法在加工精度、生产效率、刀具成本、适用性等多个方面表现出优势,成为当前航空航天领域制孔技术的研究热点之一。首先在阐述螺旋铣孔基本原理的基础上分析了其技术优势;然后重点围绕加工机理与专用装备两个方面,概述了螺旋铣孔技术的发展现状;最后,分析了螺旋铣孔技术的发展趋势。

Drilling all kinds of connecting holes is one of the major process in aircraft assembly.Because difficult-to-cut materials are using more and more and hole diameter is becoming bigger and bigger in the new large aircraft,hole-making is more difficult to carry out,as a result,conventional drilling process is failing to meet the requirement gradually.Helical milling is a new hole-making process for aircraft assembly,in which the cutting tool rotates on a helical path and generates the borehole.Due to the changed cutting principle,helical milling has more advantages compared with conventional drilling process,such as high quality,high efficiency,low tool cost and wide applicability.For these reasons,helical milling becomes one of the research focuses currently.Firstly,the fundamental and advantages of helical milling are expounded.Secondly,the research status of helical milling is summarized from the machining mechanism and special equipment.Finally,the development trend of helical milling for aircraft assembly is analyzed.