怀化城区近39a主要灾害性天气变化特征及对策研究

Study on the Change Characteristics and Countermeasures of Main Disastrous Weather in 39A Urban Area of Huaihua City

应用怀化市城区19812019年地面气象观测站数据,分析了怀化市城区主要灾害性天气现象变化特征,得出以下结论:怀化城区年均温有波动升高的趋势,增高主要是由于春夏两季气温的上升。城区高温日也呈逐渐升高的趋势,高温日的增幅大于年均温的增幅,表明怀化城区气温变化趋于不稳定,气温波动现象越发明显。强对流天气变化趋势总体不明显,年际变化大。城区属多雷区,雷暴初日有推后的趋势,而终日趋于提前,表明雷暴发生期有集中的趋势,雷暴天数呈减少趋势,减小幅度较小。城区暴雨同冰雹天气现象变化特征类似,年际变化大,变化趋势不明显。视程障碍、结冰天气现象变化总体呈波动下降趋势,下降幅度较大。雨凇年际变化较大,特征不明显,总体呈缓慢较少趋势。针对影响怀化城区主要灾害性天气,从技术与政策两个方面提出相应对策。

Based on the data of ground meteorological observation stations in Huaihua City from 1981 to 2019,the main characteristics of disastrous weather phenomena in Huaihua City are analyzed,and the following conclusions are drawn:the average annual temperature of Huaihua urban area fluctuates to rise,which is mainly due to the rise of temperature in spring and summer.The number of days with high temperature in the urban area also increased gradually,and the increase of days with high temperature was greater than that of average annual temperature,indicating that the temperature change in huaihua urban area tends to be unstable and the temperature fluctuation becomes more and more obvious.The trend of severe convective weather is not obvious on the whole,and the interannual variation is great.Urban area is a more thunderstorm region,the first day of thunderstorm tends to be later,and the last day of thunderstorm tends to be earlier,indicating that the thunderstorm occurrence period has a trend of concentration,the number of days of the thunderstorm shows a decreasing trend with a smaller reduction.The variation characteristics of urban rainstorm are similar to that of hail weather phenomena,with large interannual variation and no obvious variation trend.On the whole,the variation of visual disturbance and ice weather phenomenon show a fluctuation and a large decrease.Interannual variation of glaze is large,the characteristics are not obvious,and the overall trend is slow and less.In view of the major disastrous weather affecting Huaihua urban area,the corresponding countermeasures are put forward from two aspects,i.e.technology and policy.