“乡下人”的发现——论沈从文“乡下人”自我认同的建构与发展

On the Construction and Vicissitudes of"Countryman"as Self-identity for Shen Congwen

在沈从文的文学生涯中,“乡下人”的自我认同无法回避。对沈从文而言,“乡下人”不仅作为重要资源建构了其文化身份,而且作为美学概念支撑了其文学世界的复杂性与多元性。同时,“乡下人”作为一个意识形态范畴,回应了1920-1940年代中国现代性话语。对沈从文而言,“乡下人”的自我认同经历了一个建构与发展的过程,从作为进入都市文化圈的捷径,到建构“中国形象”的资源,以至文化建国理想的重要支撑,折射了中国走向现代过程中城市与乡村、国家与地方、传统与现代等概念之间的复杂关联,呈现出中国现代性话语的广阔外延与复杂内涵。

In Shen Congwen's literary career,"countrymen"can hardly be ignored for it is not only constructs his self-identity as cultural resource,but also supports the complexity and diversity of his literaryworld as an aesthetic concept.At the same time,as an ideological category,"countryman"responds to Chinese modernity in 1920-1940's.For Shen Congwen,"countryman"as self-identity has experienced the transformation from the"entrance ticket"into metropolitan literature field,to the cultural resources of"China image",and to the support for the ideal of national culture founding.Meanwhile,as a modern"cognitive device","countryman"reflects the complicated relationship between urban and rural,nation and local,tradition and modern in the process of modernization,shows the broad extension and complex connotation of modernity discourse in China.