帕金森病嗅觉障碍研究进展

Research progress of olfactory dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease

帕金森病以静止性震颤、行动迟缓、肌张力增高为主要运动症状,同时伴有嗅觉减退、便秘、认知障碍、RBD、精神症状、焦虑、抑郁、淡漠、自主神经功能障碍等多种非运动症状。嗅觉障碍是帕金森病常见的非运动症状之一,可早于运动症状数年出现。因此,筛查嗅觉障碍可能有助于早期发现并诊断帕金森病。本文就帕金森病嗅觉障碍的病理生理、危险因素、与其他症状的关系、检查方法及治疗等方面的研究进展做一综述。

The main motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are resting tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,accompanied by a variety of non-motor symptoms such as olfactory dysfunction,constipation,cognitive impairment,RBD,psychosis,anxiety,depression,apathy,autonomic dysfunction.Olfactory dysfunction is a frequent nonmotor symptom in Parkinson’s disease and may be preceding motor symptoms by years.Therefore,screening for olfactory dysfunction contributes to early detection and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.This article reviews the pathophysiology,risk factors,relationship with other symptoms,examinations and interventions of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.