不同节水模式对阴山北麓马铃薯干物质积累、产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of different water-saving modes on dry matter accumulation,yield and economic benefits of potato in the North Yinshan Mountain

【目的】通过比较分析不同节水模式对马铃薯干物质积累、转运、产量和经济效益的影响,探讨适宜阴山北麓马铃薯推广应用的高效节水模式。【方法】试验采用裂区设计,分析比较了高垄滴灌(HRDI)、膜下滴灌(UMDI)、浅埋滴灌(SBDI)3种节水模式在1500 m^3/hm^2(梯度1)和1950 m^3/hm^2(梯度2)灌水梯度下马铃薯干物质积累、转运、产量、商品特性、经济效益的差异情况。【结果】浅埋滴灌(SBDI)模式能够有效地促进马铃薯植株干物质积累,SBDI1处理在马铃薯块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期都保持最高的全株干物质积累量,茎和叶干物质转运量、干物质转运量对块茎的贡献率最高,成熟期SBDI2和SBDI1处理全株干物质积累量分别为286.05 g/株和274.67 g/株,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);SBDI2处理马铃薯单株结薯数、单株薯重、商品薯率最高,分别为6.65个、1.24 kg、90.80%。各处理产量由高到低为SBDI1>HRDI1>UMDI1>SBDI2>HRDI2>UMDI2,SBDI1处理产量最高,为47.40 t/hm^2,与其他处理相比,产量分别提高了1.61%、2.27%、3.27%、6.54%、10.23%;在相同灌水量条件下,马铃薯产量均表现为SBDI>HRDI>UMDI,灌水量1500 m^3/hm^2条件下3种节水模式马铃薯产量均高于灌水量1950 m^3/hm^2处理;SBDI1和SBDI2处理获得了更高的经济效益,分别为22604元/hm^2和22748元/hm^2。【结论】浅埋滴灌模式能够在节水节膜的前提下实现高产高效,可以将灌水量为1500 m^3/hm^2的浅埋滴灌模式作为新型高效节水模式在马铃薯生育期降水量为300~400 mm的阴山北麓推广。

【Objective】To explore a high-efficiency water-saving mode suitable for the North Yinshan Mountain,the effects of different water-saving modes on dry matter accumulation,yield and benefits were analyzed and compared on potato in the North Yinshan Mountain.【Methods】A split-plot design was used for analyzing and comparing the differences between dry matter accumulation,transportation,yield,commodity characteristics and economic benefits in potato on three water-saving planting modes of high ridge drip irrigation(HRDI),under mulch drip irrigation(UMDI)and shallow buried drip irrigation(SBDI)under the irrigation gradient of 1500 m^3/hm^2(gradient 1)and 1950 m^3/hm^2(gradient 2).【Results】Shallow buried drip irrigation(SBDI)mode could effectively promote the potato plant dry matter accumulation;SBDI1 treatment maintained the highest dry matter accumulation of the whole plant during the tuber forming stage,tuber bulking stage and starch accumulation stage;SBDI1 treatment maintained the highest stem and leaf dry matter transportation and the highest contribution rate of dry matter transportation to tuber formation;in mature period of SBDI1 and SBDI2,dry matter accumulation of the whole plant were 286.05 g/plant and 274.67 g/plant,which were significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).SBDI2 treatment maintained the highest potato number of per plant,potato weight of per plant and commercial potato rate of per plant,which were 6.65,1.24 kg and 90.80% respectively.From high to low,the yield of each treatment was SBDI1>HRDI1>UMDI1>SBDI2>HRDI2>UMDI2;the yield of SBDI1 treatment was the highest which was 47.40 t/hm^2 and it was increased in comparision with other treatments by 1.61%,2.27%,3.27%,6.54%,10.23% respectively;under the same irrigation amount,potato yield was shown as SBDI>HRDI>UMDI;under irrigation amount of 1500 m^3/hm^2,potato yield of the three water-saving modes were all higher than irrigation water amount of 1950 m^3/hm^2 treatment;SBDI1 treatment and SBDI2 treatment achieved higher economic benefits,22604 yuan/hm^2 and 22748 yuan/hm^2 respectively.【Conclusion】Shallow buried drip irrigation could achieve high yield and efficiency under the premise of saving water and film.Shallow buried drip irrigation with irrigation amount of 1500 m^3/hm^2 could be promoted and applied as a new high-efficiency water-saving mode in the North Yinshan Mountain where the precipitation was 300-400 mm during potato growth period.