种苗根粗对二、三年生蒙古黄芪根生长发育及产量、质量的影响

Effects of seedling root thickness on growth,development,yield and quality of root in biennial and triennial Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus

【目的】通过平栽方式移栽不同根粗蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus)种苗,并收获二、三年生蒙古黄芪,探究种苗根粗对二、三年生蒙古黄芪根生长发育及产量、质量的影响。【方法】将供试种苗按照根中上部最大粗度的不同分为低、中、高3个水平试验组,采用平栽方式开沟种植,然后分别采集二、三年生蒙古黄芪横纵根切片、全根图像信息,并测定其根中上部粗度、总根长、根鲜重、根干重、产量以及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和黄芪甲苷含量。【结果】二年生蒙古黄芪的根虽然较三年生蒙古黄芪细小,但品相较好。与二年生蒙古黄芪相比,三年生蒙古黄芪的根中上部粗度、总根长、根鲜重、根干重均有所增加,其中,中粗度组三年生蒙古黄芪的根鲜重、根干重增长量最大,较二年生蒙古黄芪分别增长61.4%、61.8%。低、中、高粗度组三年生蒙古黄芪的产量与二年生蒙古黄芪相比,分别增产21.0%、59.7%、44.3%,其中,中粗度组三年生蒙古黄芪的产量最大,达(13546.77±419.95)kg/hm^2。高粗度组三年生蒙古黄芪根中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量最高,为0.0784%;高粗度组二年生蒙古黄芪根中黄芪甲苷含量最高,为0.0706%。【结论】种苗平栽较适用于二年生蒙古黄芪药材的优质生产,且种植根中上部最大粗度介于8~10 mm的蒙古黄芪种苗,二年生蒙古黄芪的产量、质量较好。

【Objective】Transplanting Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus seedlings with different root thickness by flat planting,and harvesting the biennial and triennial plants,to explore the effect of seedling root thickness on the growth,development,yield and quality of root in different harvest years.【Methods】The tested seedlings were divided into three experimental groups of low,medium and high according to the middle and upper part of the maximum root thickness,and they were planted in a trench with flat planting.The images of biennial and triennial root sections of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus were collected,and the middle and upper part of the root thickness,total root length,root fresh weight,root dry weight,yield,and the contents of calycosin-7-glucoside and astragaloside were determined.【Results】Although the roots of the biennial seedlings were smaller than those of the triennial ones,the root quality was better.Compared with the biennial seedlings,the middle and upper part of the root thickness,total root length,root fresh weight and root dry weight of the triennial ones were increased.Among them,the medium group had the largest increase in root fresh and dry weight of the triennial seedlings,which was elevated by 61.4% and 61.8% than those of the biennial ones.The yields of the triennial seedlings in the low,medium and high groups increased by 21.0%,59.7% and 44.3% respectively compared with the biennial ones.And the output of the medium group was the largest,reaching(13546.77±419.95)kg/hm^2.In the high group,the content of calycosin-7-glucoside in the root of triennial Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus was the highest,which was0.0784%,and the content of astragaloside in the root of biennial Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus was the highest,which was 0.0706%.【Conclusion】The flat planting of seedlings was more suitable for the high-quality production of the biennial Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus,especially for the biennial seedlings with the middle and upper part of the maximum root thickness between 8-10 mm.