马铃薯气生茎腐病菌的室内毒力测定及药剂安全性试验

Toxicity determination and safety test of pesticides for aerial stalk rot fungi of potato

【目的】筛选可有效防治马铃薯气生茎腐病的杀菌剂。【方法】收集市场上通常用于预防和控制植物细菌性病害的杀菌剂,使用抑菌圈法对马铃薯气生茎腐病菌进行室内毒力测定试验。【结果】80%乙蒜素、0.3%四霉素、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐3种杀菌剂对马铃薯气生茎腐病菌有抑制作用,EC50值依次是140.72、5.73和696.92μg/mL;对这3种药剂分别进行定性与定量筛选混配药剂增效测定试验,定性测定结果表明,80%乙蒜素和0.3%四霉素混配体积比为3∶7、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3,1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐和0.3%四霉素混配体积比为6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1,1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐和80%乙蒜素混配体积比为2∶8、4∶6时,毒性比率大于1,具有增效作用;定量测定结果表明,0.3%四霉素与80%乙蒜素混配体积比为7∶3的抑制效果最好,EC50值为0.0004μg/mL。不同杀菌剂对马铃薯发芽安全性试验结果表明,高浓度的0.3%四霉素、80%乙蒜素和1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐杀菌剂对马铃薯发芽有抑制作用。【结论】在生产实际中,首选0.3%四霉素、80%乙蒜素、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐3种药剂用来防治马铃薯气生茎腐病,且在防治病害的过程中,建议尽量按照使用说明规定浓度用药,以达到有效防治病害和防止病菌产生抗药性的目的。

【Objective】To screen fungicides that could effectively control potato aerial stalk rot.【Methods】Collecting commercial fungicides for the bacterial diseases control,and using the bacteriostatic circle method to indoor test its virulence on potato aerial stalk rot fungi.【Results】The three fungicides of 80% ethyl allicin,0.3% tetramycin,and 1.8% caprylate acetate had an inhibitory effect on potato aerial stalk rot bacteria,and the EC50 values were 140.72,5.73,and 696.92μg/mL;The qualitative and quantitative screening of the synergistic determination test of the mixed agents was carried out on these three agents,and the qualitative determination results showed that the mixture volume ratio of allicin and tetramycin was 3∶7,5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,the mixed volume ratio of hexamectin acetate and tetramycin was 6∶4,7∶3,8∶2,9∶1,and the mixed volume ratio of hexamectin acetate and ethyl allicin was 2∶8,4∶6;the toxicity ratio was greater than 1,and it had synergistic effect;quantitative measurement results showed that the inhibitory effect was best when the volume ratio of tetracycline and ethyl allicin was 7∶3,and the EC50 is 0.0004μg/mL.The test results of the safety of different germicides on potato germination showed that high concentrations of tetramycin,ethyl allicin,and caprylate acetate fungicides had an inhibitory effect on potato germination.【Conclusion】In the potato production,tetracycline,ethrin and caprylate acetate were the first choice for the control of potato aerated stem rot,and suggested to use their prescribed concentration,so as to effectively control the disease and prevent the bacteria from resistance developing.