沙棘抗虫性机制及其分子育种研究进展

Mechanism of Insect Resistance of Seabuckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)and Progress on Molecular Breeding

我国具有丰富的沙棘种质资源,主要分布在华北、西北和西南等干旱、半干旱地区。沙棘植株可抵御不良环境,成为干旱、半干旱地区植被恢复的重要生态树种。沙棘也具有重要的经济价值,其果实含有丰富的营养,作为食品原料广泛应用,还具有抗氧化等功效,因此也广泛应用于保健品和化妆品等。但由于在种植区域内极少发现抗虫植株,沙棘害虫的问题日益突出,因此,筛选或培育抗虫性强的优良沙棘品种具有极其重要的意义。对近年来沙棘抗虫性机制及分子育种工程等内容进行了解析与梳理,并提出以下发展建议:①开展长期野外追踪调查,进而筛选沙棘抗虫植株;②利用抗虫性状寻找抗虫关键基因,对其生物学功能进行验证,为进一步培育沙棘抗虫品种提供基因资源;③利用组学及分子生物学方法对关键基因进行生物学功能分析,解析沙棘植株的抗虫分子机制;④利用转录组学、代谢组学和蛋白质组学等多种组学及分子生物学方法,对抗虫关键基因在调控植株抗虫方面开展生物学功能与作用机制研究;⑤坚持与其他学科交叉分析,将林木遗传育种与其他各学科相结合,从分子、细胞、生态、表型方面综合论述评定,整体上从各个学科相互交融中综合分析林木的遗传机制。旨在为沙棘抗虫基因工程的分子育种研究和应用提供参考,对进一步培育抗虫性质优良的林木具有重要意义。

There are abundant germplasm resources of seabuckthorn in China,and they widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of north,northwest and southwest China.The seabuckthorn can resist the bad environment and became an important ecological tree species for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas.Seabuckthorn has economic benefits.Its fruit has rich nutrition and is widely used as a food raw material.It is also widely used in health care products and cosmetics with its anti-oxidation and other effects.Because of few insect-resistant plants in the planting area,the insects problems are increasing by years.Due to the increasingly prominent problem of seabuckthorn pests,screening or breeding the excellent seabuckthorn varieties with strong insect resistance is important for vegetation reconstruction and ecological restoration.This paper summarized the insect-resistant mechanism and molecular breeding,and proposed some suggestions as follows:①to carry out long-term field tracking investigation,and then select the insect-resistant plants of seabuckthorn.②the key genes of insect resistance would be identified by using insect resistance traits which function would be verified to provide genetic resources for further breeding of seabuckthorn insect resistance varieties.③the biological functions of key genes would be analyzed by using the methods of omics and molecular biology,and molecular mechanism of insect resistance would be analyzed to cultivate trees with resistance to insects.④the biological functions and mechanisms of key anti-insect genes in the regulation of plant anti-insect should be researching via transcriptomics,metabolomics,proteomics and other omics and molecular biology methods.⑤the cross-analysis with other disciplines from the molecular,cell,ecological and phenotypic aspects of comprehensive evaluation should be carrying out.In this way,the genetic mechanism of trees could be analyzed comprehensively from the integration of various disciplines.Those were aimed to provide references for molecular breeding research and application in genetic engineering,which was of great significance for further cultivation of trees with excellent insect resistance.