中国与《联合国海洋法公约》:经验教训与发展建议

China and UNCLOS:Experiences,Lessons and Suggestions for Improvement

历经第三次海洋法会议,我国既有在联合国的框架下推动全球海洋治理体系变革、联合广大发展中国家对抗海洋霸权、以国家主权为基础维护国家领土主权完整等成功经验,也有会议准备不充分、相关主张未能充分考虑我国的特殊情况以及未能提出自己的建设性意见等教训。在21世纪建设海洋强国的过程中,中国应通过参与建立《联合国海洋法公约》审议机构、订立专门协定或制定示范条款、加强区域合作、加入气候变化等新议题的方式,推动《联合国海洋法公约》在群岛制度、收益分享制度、国际海底区域开发制度、历史性权利等方面的完善,从而维护我国海洋权益。

During the Third Conference on the Law of the Sea,China had some successful experiences in promoting the reform of the global marine governance system under the United Nations,unifying a vast number of developing countries to oppose the sea hegemony,safeguarding the integrity of China’s territory based on the national sovereignty.Yet,there were also some lessons for China,such as the inadequate preparation for the Conference,the special conditions of China unconsidered by the relevant assertions and china’s own constructive suggestions without being proposed.In the process of building a maritime power in the 21st century,China should give impetus to the improvement in archipelago systems,benefit-sharing mechanism,exploitation system in the international seabed and historical rights by participating in the deliberative body establishment of UNCLOS,making special agreements or model clauses,strengthening regional cooperation and adding new issues such as climate change,so as to safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests.