不同时间春灌一水对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Once in Spring at Different Dates on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

为探讨黑龙港流域冬小麦适宜的春灌模式,实现节水增产目标。采用田间试验,在春灌一水条件下,以春季不灌水为对照(CK),设置3月25日、4月5日、4月15日和4月25日4个灌水时间处理,研究了不同时间春灌一水对冬小麦衡4399生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:随着灌水时间的推迟,各处理小麦的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量(SPAD值)均呈明显降低趋势;除4月5日灌水处理后期株高和干物质积累量最高外,其他各处理的株高和干物质积累量均随灌水时间的推迟而显著降低。春灌一水条件下小麦产量显著>CK,不同灌水时间处理的小麦产量表现为4月5日>3月25日>4月15日>4月25日,其中,4月5日灌水处理的穗长最长,结实小穗数和穗粒数最多,不孕小穗数最少,千粒重较大,产量达7840.36 kg/hm2且显著高于其他处理。在春灌一水条件下,适当推迟灌拔节水有利于小麦产量的提高,其中4月5日灌水效果最好。

In order to discuss the suitable spring irrigation mode of winter wheat in Heilonggang watershed and realize the goal of saving water and increasing production,under the condition of irrigation once in spring,no irrigation in spring was used as the control(CK),the irrigation was set as March 25 th,April 5 th,April 15 th and April 25 th,respectively.The effects of irrigation once in spring at different dates on the growth and yield of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that the LAI and SPAD value of each treatment decreased significantly with the delay of irrigation date.With the treatment of irrigation on April 5 th,the plant height and dry matter accumulation at the later stage were the highest,while those of other treatments decreased significantly with the delay of irrigation date.The wheat yield of irrigation once in spring was significantly higher than that of CK,the order of wheat yield with different treatments was April 5 th>March 25 th>April 15 th>April 25 th>CK,among which April 5 th treatment had the longest spike,the most fruit number per small spike and grain number per spike,the least sterile spikelets,larger 1000-grain weight,the yield reached 7840.36 kg/hm2,which was obviously higher than others.Proper delay of jointing water can improve wheat yield under the condition of irrigation once in spring,and irrigation on April 5 th had the best effect.