河北省小麦种质穗发芽抗性鉴定

Identification of Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance of Wheat Germplasm in Hebei Province

穗发芽严重影响小麦产量和加工品质,河北省也经常遭受小麦穗发芽为害,开展小麦种质穗发芽抗性鉴定、筛选抗穗发芽材料对河北省小麦生产具有重要的指导意义和应用价值。选择河北省小麦主栽品种和优异种质共计193份材料,在干旱和正常灌溉2种环境下种植,利用发芽指数对参试小麦品种的穗发芽抗性进行评价。结果表明:小麦材料在干旱环境与正常灌溉环境下的发芽指数相关系数为0.78,说明在不同的生长环境下小麦品种的穗发芽抗性较为稳定。2种生长环境下不同发芽指数的小麦材料数量均呈现正态分布规律,这与小麦穗发芽抗性是由多基因控制的数量性状相吻合。河北省小麦种质穗发芽抗性普遍较弱,仅有3份材料在干旱生长环境下达到高抗穗发芽水平,而高感穗发芽材料所占比例高达39.38%(干旱)和64.25%(正常灌溉)。河北省抗穗发芽小麦品种缺乏,抗穗发芽小麦育种工作亟需加强。

Pre-harvest sprouting seriously affects the yield and processing quality of wheat,and Hebei Province often suffers from the damage of wheat pre-harvest sprouting.It is of great significance and application value to identify the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of wheat germplasm in Hebei Province.193 wheat varieties and germplasms in Hebei Province were tested for germination index under the conditions of drought and normal irrigation to evaluate their pre-harvest sprouting resistances.The results showed that the correlation coefficient of germination index was 0.78 under the conditions of drought and normal irrigation,indicating that the pre-harvest sprouting resistance was relatively stable under the two conditions.The number of wheat materials with different germination index showed normal distribution,which was consistent with the quantitative characters of pre-harvest sprouting controlled by multiple genes.It can be seen from the results that the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of wheat germplasms was generally weak in Hebei Province;only three materials reached the high re-sistance level under drought,and the proportion of materials susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting reached39.38%under drought and 64.25%under normal irrigation,which indicated that the varieties resistant to pre-harvest sprouting were lack in Heibei Province and the breeding of wheat with pre-harvest sprouting resistance needed to be strengthened.