富硒富锌黑小麦冀资麦16号的选育及其营养成分分析

Breeding and Nutritional Analysis of Selenium and Zinc Rich Black Wheat Variety Jizimai No.16

河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所以选育富含蛋白质、多种维生素和矿质元素的黑小麦为目标,以周麦21与黑小麦2号杂交获得的F1为母本,以冀紫439为父本进行杂交,成功培育出Se和Zn含量丰富的黑小麦冀资麦16号。该品种属半冬性品种,幼苗半匍匐,株高78 cm,穗长方形,粒深紫色,穗粒数36个,千粒重34.5 g,平均产量7213.5 kg/hm^2,适宜在冀中南高水肥地块种植。其具有高营养、高品质的特性,其中,Ca、Se、Zn和Mg含量丰富,Ca和Se含量分别较冀紫439(亲本)和冀麦5265(普通白粒小麦)增加了150~556倍;与普通白粒小麦冀麦5265相比,亮氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸含量以及粗蛋白、粗脂肪、膳食纤维和还原糖含量均极显著增加,淀粉含量极显著降低。冀资麦16号特别适合糖尿病和高血压等患者食用,也可以作为改良普通小麦、选育营养专用小麦新品种的重要种质资源。

Aiming at breeding black wheat rich in protein,vitamins and mineral elements,black wheat Jizimai No.16 was successfully bred by Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences with F1 derived from crossing between Zhoumai 21 and Heixiaomai No.2 as female parent and Jizi439 as male parent.Jizimai No.16 rich in Se and Zn is a semi-winter variety with semi-creeping seedling,78 cm of plant height,rectangular ear,dark purple grain,36 grain per ear,34.5 g of 1000-grain weight,and7213.5 kg/hm^2 of average yield.It is suitable to be planted in high water and fertilizer soil in the middle and south of Hebei Province.Jizimai No.16 has the characteristics of high nutrition and high quality,which is rich in mineral elements such as Ca,Se,Zn and Mg.The contents of Ca and Se are 150-556 times higher than those of the parent Jizi 439 and the common white grain wheat Jimai 5265,respectively.Compared with common white wheat Jimai 5265,the contents of leucine,valine,lysine,aspartic acid,serine,glycine,alanine,histidine,arginine,crude protein,crude fat,dietary fiber and reducing sugar increased significantly,while the content of starch decreased significantly.Jizimai No.16 is especially suitable for patients with diabetes and hypertension.It can also be used as an important germplasm resource for improving common wheat and breeding new wheat varieties for nutrition.