污名现象的心理效应与应对——以新冠肺炎疫情为例

The Psychological Effect of Stigma and Its Countermeasures——Take the COVID-19 Epidemic as an Example

疫情期间的污名现象包括贴标签、消极刻板印象、孤立、地位损失和歧视等重要特征,存在身体污名、行为污名与族群污名等多种表现形式,并且背后主要反映了政治权利、经济和文化等因素的作用。污名现象会提升施加污名者的自尊感和优越感,增强群体内认同以及强化其特定社会、政治、经济地位的合理性;也会给承受污名者带来“内伤”、成长或冲突;还会使局外人受到污名行径的蛊惑,产生恐慌或受到污名行为的激惹,产生不满。通过采取健全法律机制、加强公众教育并强化媒体责任,合理地标记特定的对象;锻炼承受能力并有理、有据、有节地回应现实关切以及让事实说话的策略,对于污名现象的应对和化解大有帮助。

The stigma during the COVID-19 epidemic includes five important features,such as labeling,negative stereotype,isolation,loss of status and discrimination.Besides,there are many forms of stigma during the COVID-19 epidemic,such as physical stigma,behavioral stigma and ethnic stigma,which mainly reflect the role of political,economic and cultural.Stigma will enhance the self-esteem and superiority of the stigmatizers,enhance their identification within the group,and strengthen the rationality of their specific social,political and economic status;it will also bring“internal injury”,growth or conflict to the victim.In addition,it will also make the outsiders be bewitched by the stigma,causing panic or provoked by the stigma,resulting in dissatisfaction.Through improving the legal mechanism,strengthening public education and responsibility of the media to achieve a reasonable marking of specific objects and training the ability to bear and respond to the real concerns reasonably,according to the facts,as well as using the strategy of“let the facts speak”is of great benefit to the coping and resolving of stigma.