收入不平等对经济增长的影响:机制、效应与应对——基于代际收入传递视角的经验研究

Impact of Income Inequality on Growth:Mechanism,Effect and Response——Empirical Research from the Perspective of Intergenerational Income Transmission

收入不平等扩大和经济增长降速已经成为新时期中国面临的两个重要挑战。本文分析了收入不平等影响经济增长的机制、代际收入传递机制以及不平等的形成机制;在此基础上,利用CGSS数据和反事实法,以客观的代际收入传递机制为标准对收入不平等进行分解,并结合宏观省际面板数据,检验了不同来源的收入不平等的经济增长效应。研究发现:人力资本投资与社会资本造成的收入不平等对经济增长有阻碍作用,文化资本代际传递造成的收入不平等未表现出与经济增长的显著相关关系。本文的发现具有深刻的政策含义:为了最大限度地促进经济增长,需要多种政策协同作用,共同阻断收入不平等对经济增长的不利影响,同时降低收入不平等中的消极成分,即降低由人力资本投资和社会资本导致的收入不平等。

The widening of income inequality and the slowdown of economic growth have become two important challenges for China in the new period.This paper analyzes the mechanism of income inequality affecting economic growth,the intergenerational income transmission mechanism and the formation mechanism of inequality.By using CGSS data and counterfactual method,the paper decomposes the income inequality according to the objective intergenerational income transmission mechanism,and tests the economic growth effect of income inequality from different sources by combining with the macro inter-provincial panel data.It is found that the income inequality caused by human capital investment and social capital have negative effects on economic growth,while the income inequality caused by intergenerational transmission of cultural capital has no significant correlation with economic growth.The findings have profound policy implications:in order to maximize economic growth,a variety of policies are needed to work together to block the adverse effects of income inequality on economic growth,and reduce the negative components of income inequality,which are the income inequality caused by human capital investment and social capital.