城市水下特长隧道中部坡道错觉改善研究

Research on Improving the Illusion of Slope in the Middle of Urban Subaqueous Extra-long Tunnel

城市水下特长隧道中部纵坡参数变化繁多,连续坡道路段容易产生坡道错觉,导致驾驶员采取错误的驾驶决策.文中利用3dsmax仿真软件和E-prime实验平台搭建了6种不同坡度差的连续下坡路段实验场景,以探究坡度差对坡道错觉的影响,并利用横向参照信息和空间参照信息提出三种改善方案.结果表明:城市水下特长隧道中部坡道错觉与隧道内部环境和道路线形有关;在连续下坡路段,前后坡差达到2%时坡道错觉效应开始产生,前后坡差在2.5%以上坡道错觉效应明显;横向参照信息和空间参照信息都对坡道错觉具有一定改善效果,但其组合方案对于坡道错觉改善效果最优,可使驾驶员对后坡朝向判断准确性提升26.67%,反应时间缩短1.42 s,能够保证变坡点处行车安全.

The longitudinal slope parameters in the middle of urban underwater super-long tunnel vary widely,and the ramp illusion is easy to occur in the continuous ramp section,which leads to the driver taking wrong driving decisions.In this paper,3dsmax simulation software and E-prime experimental platform were used to build six experimental scenes of continuous downhill sections with different gradient differences to explore the influence of gradient differences on ramp illusion.And three improvement schemes were put forward by using horizontal reference information and spatial reference information.The results show that the illusion of slope in the middle of urban underwater long tunnel is related to the tunnel internal environment and road alignment.In the continuous downhill section,the ramp illusion effect begins to appear when the front-back slope difference reaches 2%,and the ramp illusion effect is obvious when the front-back slope difference is more than 2.5%.Both the horizontal reference information and the spatial reference information can improve the ramp illusion to some extent,but their combination scheme has the best effect on improving the ramp illusion.The accuracy of the driver’s judgment on the back slope orientation is improved by 26.67%,and the reaction time is shortened by 1.42 s,which can ensure the driving safety at the changing slope point.