荆门市近60年风速风向特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of Wind Speed and Direction in Jingmen in Recent Sixty Years

利用1959~2018年荆门、襄阳、武汉3个国家地面气象观测站风速风向观测资料,通过数理统计、线性分析、气候倾向率等方法,对荆门地区风向风速变化特征及变化趋势等进行气候统计分析。结果表明:荆门年平均风速为2.9m/s,与襄阳、武汉相比均偏大,地形和地势是荆门风速偏大的主要原因;荆门、襄阳、武汉风速逐年呈整体减小趋势,但均在迁站当年出现陡升现象;荆门市风速变化与城市发展具有一定的相关性,城市快速发展时期,风速呈明显减小趋势;荆门四季主导风向均为N,N出现频次秋季最高、冬季次之,春季和夏季SSW、SW风向明显增多;1~12月最多风向均为N,各月平均风速均大于襄阳、武汉,最大3月3.6m/s,最小6月2.8m/s;荆门年均大风日数为16.5d,明显高于襄阳、武汉,大风日数整体呈减少趋势,2007年之前以4.1d/10 a的速率减少,2008年之后以3.3d/10 a的速率减少,大风日多出现在春季,大风风向多集中在N^NNE。荆门风速较大且有稳定的盛行风向,适宜在城市周边建设风电场;中心城区常年以北风为主,适宜建设南北方向的城市风道。

In order to analyze the variation characteristics and the change trend of wind speed and direction in Jingmen City,the wind observation data of Jingmen,Xiangyang and Wuhan from 1959 to 2018 was analyzed by mathematical statistics,linear analysis,climate trend rate method and so on.The results showed that the annual average wind speed in Jingmen was 2.9 m/s,higher than that in Xiangyang and Wuhan because of the terrain.The annual average wind speed in Jingmen,Xiangyang and Wuhan decreased year by year,but all of them increased sharply in the year of station relocation though.There is a certain correlation between the change of wind speed and urban development in Jingmen city,during the period of rapid urban development,the wind speed decreases obviously.The dominant wind direction of Jingmen in all four seasons is N,N has the highest occurrence frequency in autumn and followed by winter.The wind direction of SSW and SW had evident increase in spring and summer.The dominant wind direction was N from Jan to De.The monthly average wind speeds were all higher than that in Xiangyang and Wuhan,the maximum was 3.6 m/s in March,the minimum was 2.8 m/s in June.The annual strong wind days in Jingmen commonly founded in spring reached 16.5 d,higher than that in Xiangyang and Wuhan.But the strong wind days concentrated in N and NNE showed a decreasing tendency,the days reduced at a tendency of 4.1 d/10 a from 1959 to 2007,and 3.3 d/10 a from 2008 to 2018.Strong wind days appeared most in the spring,the wind direction of strong wind is mostly N ~ NNE.Wind farms can be developed because the wind speed in Jingmen was larger and the dominant wind direction remained stable.And the NS-trending urban ventilation channels can be developed because of the stable north wind.