环评审批中“重大利益关系”的认定问题研究

Research on the Identification of "Significant Interest Relations" in EIA Approval

目前法律对环评审批中"重大利益关系"的规定过于笼统,导致实践中环境行政机关和司法机关对"重大利益关系"的理解与认定不一,同案异判现象普遍。"重大利益关系"是一个具有时代性和发展性的法律概念,客观上难以形成统一的认定标准,因此,有必要从实证研究出发,基于利益理论的分析,总结相关考量因素,明确利益衡量原则和正当程序原则,并采取自由裁量和个案认定的方式,从"质"——受害利益的性质和"量"——程度和范围、公法标准、持续性等这两个角度对是否涉及"重大利益关系"进行综合认定,从而为环境行政机关和司法机关认定"重大利益关系"提供参考,使得对"重大利益关系"的认定更为全面合理,实现个案的公平正义。

At present,the provisions of the law on the " significant interest relationship" in the EIA examination and approval are too general,which leads to the different understanding and recognition of " significant interest relations" by environmental administrative authorities and judicial authorities in practice,and the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case is common.The " significant interest relationship" is a legal concept with the characteristics of the times and development.It is difficult to form a unified standard of identification objectively.Therefore,it is necessary to proceed from empirical research,based on the analysis of interest theory,summarize relevant consideration factors,clarify the principle of interest measurement and the principle of due process,and adopt the method of discretion and case identification,comprehensively determine whether a " significant interest relationship" is involved from the perspectives of " quality"-The nature of the Victimized interests and " quantity"-The extent and scope,public law standards,and sustainability.Thus,it can provide reference for environmental administrative agencies and judicial authorities to identify " significant interest relationships",make the identification of the " significant interest relationship" more comprehensive and reasonable,and realize the fairness and justice of individual cases.