人工髋关节置换中假体材料的选择及应用进展

Progress in selection and application of prosthesis materials in artificial hip joint replacement

通过查阅国内外有关假体材料选择与应用在骨科人工髋关节置换领域的文献,进行归纳分析,总结假体材料发展及应用的研究现状及进展。目前人工关节假体材料须兼具高强度、富韧性、可塑性、抗疲劳、耐磨损等特性,常用材料包括合金、陶瓷、高分子聚合体等。通过对假体界面不同材料进行组合和改性,未来有望开发出在生物相容性、力学相容性、固定度、使用寿命等方面表现更优的假体材料,为髋关节置换手术提供更多科学合理选项,更好地为患者服务。

By consulting the literature about prosthesis material selection and application in the field of orthopaedic artificial hip joint replacement at home and abroad, this paper analysed and summarized the research of current status and progress of prosthesis material development and application. At present, it requires that the material of artificial joint prosthesis ought to be capable of good strength, toughness, plasticity, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, anti-bacterial,non-toxicity and other performance characteristics. Biometal prosthesis, bioceramics prosthesis, polymer composite prosthesis and bone cement prosthesis are commonly used. Through the combination and modification of different materials at the prosthesis interface, joint prosthesis materials with higher biocompatibility, better mechanical compatibility,higher bio-binding performance, better fixation and longer service life can be developed in the future, which can better solve patients’ pain and have excellent research value and social value.