土遗址表层加固微波设备的研发

Development of microwave equipment for preventing deterioration of earthen sites

由于黏土矿物的吸水膨胀性及土体颗粒之间胶结性较差而导致土遗址极易发生剥落、粉化等表层劣化。化学渗透加固作为防治这类病害的一种重要保护措施,虽然取得了一些成果,但整体应用仍处于探索和研究阶段,尤其是材料老化周期较短及再处理的难度都极大地制约了这种方法的使用。针对这一现状,本研究探讨了一种新型保护措施——开放式微波加固。微波可以通过热效应和非热效应改变土体黏土矿物的显微结构,从而增强其抵抗环境作用的能力。同时,微波具有精准定位、能量可控等优点,还可以避免化学材料挥发对土体和环境的危害,因此可以安全有效地实施加固,从而具有良好的应用前景。本研究论述了用以加固土遗址的微波设备研发的关键技术,包括频率的选定、设备参数的确定、辅热材料的选择等,以便为此类设备的推广研发提供一些借鉴。

Because of the water-swelling properties of clay minerals and the poor cohesion between soil particles,surfaces of earthen sites are prone to deterioration such as spalling and powdering.Chemical consolidation,is an important protective measure against these kinds of deterioration,and although it has some achievements,its overall application is still limited due to its short aging period of materials and the difficulty of reprocessing.In view of this situation,this paper discusses a new protective measure—open microwave reinforcement.Microwave can change the microstructure of clay minerals through thermal and non-thermal effects,thereby enhancing their resistance to environmental effects.Moreover,with the advantages of accurate positioning and controllable energy,microwave can avoid the hazards to the soil and environment brought by chemical material volatilization,so it can safely and effectively consolidate the soil body and thus has a good effect.This paper also discusses the key technologies in the research and development of microwave equipment for strengthening earthen sites,including the determination of equipment parameters and the selection of frequency and auxiliary heat materials.